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Body Mass Index and Its Influence on Electrocardiographic Parameters in Healthy and Cardiovascular Patients
Roholla Hemmati1, Mohanna Parvenous2, Dorsa Bahrami Zanjanbar3,4
1Department of Cardiology School of Medicine Ilam University of Medical Sciences Ilam Iran.
Insights
Body mass index (BMI) influences electrocardiographic (ECG) parameters, impacting cardiovascular risk. Maintaining a healthy BMI is crucial for reducing the risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and promoting heart health.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Public Health
- Biomedical Engineering
Background:
- Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a leading global cause of mortality.
- Key lifestyle factors contributing to CVDs include smoking, poor diet, inactivity, and stress.
- Body Mass Index (BMI) is a critical indicator of body fatness and a potential risk factor for CVDs.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the relationship between electrocardiographic (ECG) changes and various BMI categories.
- To analyze how demographic factors like age, gender, height, and weight influence this relationship.
- To understand the implications of BMI on cardiac electrical activity.
Main Methods:
- A cross-sectional study involving 964 patients from Mostafa Khomeini Hospital, Iran.
- Utilized a 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) to record cardiac electrical activity.
- Employed Pearson correlation coefficients and regression models (SPSS v. 24) to analyze data.
Main Results:
- A 10-cm increase in height correlated with a 0.089 ms decrease in PR interval.
- A 5-kg weight gain was associated with a 0.20 ms increase in PR interval and a 0.03 ms increase in QRS interval.
- QT interval decreased by 1.34 ms with a 5-kg weight gain, while height changes showed no significant effect.
Conclusions:
- ECG parameters are significantly influenced by BMI, suggesting a link to cardiovascular risk.
- Elevated PR and QRS intervals, reduced QRS voltage, and altered ST segments/QT intervals indicate potential risks.
- Maintaining a healthy BMI is essential for mitigating CVD risk and improving overall heart health.
Objective:
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a significant cause of mortality worldwide. Smoking, unhealthy diets, physical inactivity, and psychological stress are the main lifestyle factors associated with CVDs. This study was designed to investigate the relationship between electrocardiographic (ECG) changes and various body mass index (BMI) categories, considering demographic characteristics of the participants, such as age, gender, height, and weight.
Methods:
This cross-sectional study was conducted on 964 patients attending Mostafa Khomeini Hospital, Ilam, Iran. Pearson correlation coefficients and regression models were employed using SPSS v. 24 to assess the relationship between BMI and ECG parameters recorded using a 12-lead ECG.
Results:
A 10-cm increase in height (165 ± 14) was associated with a 0.089 ms decrease in the PR interval, while a 5-kg weight gain resulted in a 0.20 ms increase in the PR interval (p = 0.49). The QRS interval increased by 2 and 0.03 ms, with a 10 cm height and 5 kg weight gain, respectively. The QT interval remained stable with changes in height but decreased by 1.34 ms with a 5-kg increase in weight.
Conclusion:
The findings of this study suggest that ECG parameters are influenced by BMI and may be related to cardiovascular risks. An increase in PR and QRS intervals, a decrease in QRS voltage, and alterations in the ST segment and QT interval underscore the importance of maintaining a healthy BMI to reduce the risk of CVD. This message encourages proactive lifestyle changes to improve heart health.
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