Why Type 2 Diabetes Risk Factors Are Concerningly High in Slum Areas?

Indonesia ranks fifth among the most diabetic countries in the world, with a prevalence of 1.5%. This figure can also increase in community groups in slum areas because they are a group that is limited in accessing good quality health services. Hence, preventing complications from type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a concern in slum areas.

This study aims to determine the prevalence and factors related to T2DM, description of physical activity, smoking status, central obesity, and sociodemographic features in the community in a slum area of Penjaringan, North Jakarta.

Cross-sectional research in the slum area Penjaringan Jakarta Utara was conducted from July 2022 to November 2022. We conducted a total sampling method and obtained 3314 respondents. Data analysis was done using Chi-square and Mann-Whitney tests for bivariate analysis. Multivariate analysis used logistic regression analysis with a significance level of P < 0.05.

The study showed the prevalence of T2DM in slum area communities in Penjaringan North Jakarta was 9.6%. Age (OR = 0.62, 95% CI 0.44-0.86, P < 0.05) and central obesity (OR = 1.02, 95% CI 1.01-1.03, P < 0.05) had a significant relationship with T2DM. While physical inactivity (OR = 1.00, 95% CI 1.00-1.00, P < 0.05) and gender (OR = 1.20, 95% CI 0.94-1.53, P < 0.05) had no association with T2DM.

The prevalence of T2DM in people in slum areas is greater than the prevalence of diabetes in Jakarta. Central obesity and age are the variables that have a significant correlation with T2DM.