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Updated: Jan 8, 2026

Live Images of GLUT4 Protein Trafficking in Mouse Primary Hypothalamic Neurons Using Deconvolution Microscopy
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Why Type 2 Diabetes Risk Factors Are Concerningly High in Slum Areas?

Angely Margaretha Eriady1, Bryany Titi Santi2, Laurentius Aswin Pramono2

  • 1Bachelor of Medicine Program, School of Medicine and Health Science, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, Penjaringan, North Jakarta, Indonesia.

International Journal of Preventive Medicine
|December 18, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) affects 9.6% of individuals in Jakarta

Keywords:
Diabetes mellitusrisk factorslum area

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Epidemiology
  • Diabetes Research

Background:

  • Indonesia faces a high prevalence of diabetes, ranking fifth globally.
  • Slum communities in Indonesia have limited access to quality healthcare, increasing diabetes risks.
  • Preventing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) complications is a critical concern in these underserved areas.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the prevalence of T2DM in a slum area of North Jakarta.
  • To identify factors associated with T2DM, including physical activity, smoking, central obesity, and sociodemographics.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional study was conducted in Penjaringan, North Jakarta, from July to November 2022.
  • A total of 3314 respondents participated using a total sampling method.
  • Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were employed to identify significant factors.

Main Results:

  • The prevalence of T2DM in the studied slum community was 9.6%.
  • Age (OR = 0.62) and central obesity (OR = 1.02) were significantly associated with T2DM.
  • Physical inactivity and gender showed no significant association with T2DM in this population.

Conclusions:

  • T2DM prevalence in Jakarta's slum areas exceeds the national average.
  • Central obesity and age are key factors correlated with T2DM in this population.
  • Targeted interventions focusing on central obesity and age are crucial for T2DM prevention in slum communities.