Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jan 8, 2026

Author Spotlight: Generating Neuronal Phenotypic Profiles - A Protocol to Culture and Image Human Midbrain Dopaminergic Neurons
Published on: July 7, 2023
Prodromal Peripheral Immune Cell Profile in Drug-Induced Parkinsonism Relative to Parkinson's Disease
Brandon Lien1, Varun Kasibhatla1, Mariel Mawad1
1Neurology Department, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
Background:
Drug-induced Parkinsonism (DIP) is a predictor of future idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD), yet the prodromal characteristics of DIP remain unexplored.
Objectives:
To compare prodromal peripheral immune cell profiles in DIP and PD.
Methods:
We applied independent regression models to evaluate the peripheral immune cell profiles in individuals with incident DIP (n = 108) and PD (n = 1055) relative to 20,070 healthy controls from the UK Biobank.
Results:
Approximately 9 years before diagnosis, both DIP and PD cases exhibited elevated neutrophil counts, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and systemic immune-inflammation index (SII). Only PD cases showed reduced lymphocyte counts. After adjusting for psychiatric comorbidities, DIP-associated peripheral immune alterations were no longer significant.
Conclusions:
The elevated neutrophil counts in DIP and PD suggest a shared innate immune system involvement. However, in DIP, the peripheral immune changes appear driven by psychiatric comorbidities, whereas lymphopenia may represent a distinctive prodromal biomarker of PD.
More Related Videos
08:33Targeting Alpha Synuclein Aggregates in Cutaneous Peripheral Nerve Fibers by Free-floating Immunofluorescence Assay
Published on: June 25, 2019
12:49Human Peripheral Blood Neutrophil Isolation for Interrogating the Parkinson's Associated LRRK2 Kinase Pathway by Assessing Rab10 Phosphorylation
Published on: March 21, 2020
Related Concept Videos
Parkinson's Disease: Overview
Parkinson's Disease: Treatment
Parkinson's Disease is primarily a result of the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta. The cornerstone of...
Neural Regulation
EPS and iPS Cells in Disease Research