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Related Concept Videos

Time-Domain Interpretation of PD Control01:07

Time-Domain Interpretation of PD Control

348
Proportional-Derivative (PD) control is a widely used control method in various engineering systems to enhance stability and performance. In a system with only proportional control, common issues include high maximum overshoot and oscillation, observed in both the error signal and its rate of change. This behavior can be divided into three distinct phases: initial overshoot, subsequent undershoot, and gradual stabilization.
Consider the example of control of motor torque. Initially, a positive...
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Time and frequency -Domain Interpretation of Phase-lag Control01:21

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Phase-lag controllers are widely used in control systems to improve stability and reduce steady-state errors. A dimmer switch controlling the brightness of a light bulb serves as a practical example of phase-lag control, gradually adjusting the bulb's brightness. Mathematically, phase-lag control or low-pass filtering is represented when the factor 'a' is less than 1.
Phase-lag controllers do not place a pole at zero, but instead influence the steady-state error by amplifying any...
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Characterization of the stroboscopic effect for OLED displays using the PWM dimming method.

Jiamin Guo, Minchen Wei, Rui Ding

    Journal of the Optical Society of America. A, Optics, Image Science, and Vision
    |December 18, 2025
    PubMed
    Summary

    This study examined flicker from OLED smartphone displays using pulse-width modulation (PWM). Results show flicker is visible at lower frequencies and brightness, suggesting adjusted stroboscopic visibility measure (SVM) thresholds for OLEDs.

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    Area of Science:

    • Visual Perception
    • Display Technology
    • Human-Computer Interaction

    Background:

    • Organic light-emitting diode (OLED) displays are prevalent in smartphones.
    • Pulse-width modulation (PWM) dimming is used, potentially causing flicker.
    • The stroboscopic visibility measure (SVM), developed for lighting, is used to assess OLED flicker.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the impact of dimming frequency and display luminance on the stroboscopic effect in OLED smartphone displays.
    • To determine the visibility thresholds of the stroboscopic effect under varying conditions.
    • To evaluate the applicability of the SVM for OLED displays.

    Main Methods:

    • An oscillating arm was presented in front of an OLED smartphone display.
    • Dimming frequency and display luminance were systematically varied.
    • Perceptual visibility of the stroboscopic effect was recorded.

    Main Results:

    • The stroboscopic effect was visible at 480 Hz and 960 Hz below 40 cd/m² luminance.
    • At 1440 Hz and 5 cd/m², a 50% duty cycle showed visible flicker.
    • No stroboscopic effect was observed at 1920 Hz or 2160 Hz.

    Conclusions:

    • The stroboscopic effect on OLED displays is dependent on dimming frequency and luminance.
    • The SVM can be applied to OLEDs, but a conservative threshold (SVM 1.5-2) is recommended.
    • Further research may refine SVM application for display technologies.