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Managing cardiovascular risk factors in patients with Sjögren's disease: a comprehensive approach

Dilia Giuggioli1, Anna Vittoria Mattioli2,3, Marcello Pinti2,4

  • 1Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.

Future Cardiology
|December 19, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Sjögren's disease (SjD) patients face higher cardiovascular risks due to inflammation and immune issues. Managing cardiovascular disease (CVD) in SjD requires addressing specific risk factors and using targeted therapies alongside lifestyle changes.

Area of Science:

  • Rheumatology
  • Cardiology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Sjögren's disease (SjD) is an autoimmune disorder primarily impacting exocrine glands.
  • SjD is increasingly linked to heightened cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk.
  • Chronic inflammation, immune dysregulation, and metabolic changes drive this association.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review mechanisms connecting SjD and CVD.
  • To propose evidence-based strategies for CVD risk assessment and management in SjD.
  • To evaluate current pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic interventions.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on immune-mediated vascular dysfunction, autoantibodies (anti-Ro/SSA, anti-La/SSB), dyslipidemia, hypertension, and insulin resistance in SjD.
  • Analysis of traditional and SjD-specific cardiovascular risk factors.
  • Evaluation of therapeutic interventions.

Main Results:

  • SjD patients present with both traditional and unique CVD risk factors.
  • Autoantibody positivity (anti-Ro/SSA, anti-La/SSB) is associated with increased thrombotic event risk.
  • Systemic inflammation and endothelial dysfunction are key pathogenic mechanisms.

Conclusions:

  • Cardiovascular risk management is crucial for SjD patient care.
  • Statins, ACE inhibitors, and metformin show potential for risk reduction.
  • Multidisciplinary care integrating clinical evaluation, targeted treatments, and lifestyle modifications is essential for improving outcomes.

Keywords:
Cardiovascular riskaerobic exerciseautoantibodiesendothelial dysfunctionlifestyle interventionssystemic inflammation

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