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Related Concept Videos

The Thyroid Gland01:23

The Thyroid Gland

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The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck and covers the anterior surface of the trachea. The gland has two lateral lobes connected by a thin tissue mass called the isthmus. Internally, each lobe comprises many small spherical structures known as thyroid follicles, surrounded by a network of blood vessels.
The follicles have a central cavity lined by simple cuboidal to squamous epithelial cells called follicular cells. These cells produce the glycoprotein...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 8, 2026

Computer-Aided Three-Dimensional Visualization in the Treatment of Locally Advanced Thyroid Cancer
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Computer-Aided Three-Dimensional Visualization in the Treatment of Locally Advanced Thyroid Cancer

Published on: June 9, 2023

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Thyroid angiosarcoma: a comprehensive review.

Giorgia Arcovito1, Alessandro Franchi1

  • 1Section of Anatomic Pathology, Department of Translational Research and of New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.

Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology
|December 19, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Thyroid angiosarcoma (TAS) is a rare and aggressive vascular tumor. Further research is needed to understand its molecular features and improve therapeutic strategies for this challenging cancer.

Keywords:
Anaplastic carcinomaAngiosarcomaCytologyEpidemiologyHistopathologyImmunohistochemistryMolecular geneticsThyroid

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Pathology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Thyroid angiosarcoma (TAS) is an aggressive vascular neoplasm, representing 20% of thyroid mesenchymal tumors.
  • TAS predominantly affects elderly individuals and is often associated with long-standing goiter, particularly in iodine-deficient regions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the clinicopathological and genetic features of thyroid angiosarcoma.
  • To highlight diagnostic challenges and identify potential therapeutic targets.

Main Methods:

  • Review of histological and immunohistochemical findings.
  • Analysis of genetic alterations and molecular pathways involved in TAS.
  • Comparison with similar entities like angiomatoid anaplastic carcinoma.

Main Results:

  • TAS exhibits epithelioid cells with severe pleomorphism, vascular spaces, fibrotic stroma, hemosiderin, and necrosis.
  • Immunohistochemistry shows positivity for CD31, ERG, factor VIII, and often cytokeratin; PAX8 and TTF-1 are negative.
  • Genetic analysis reveals impairment in angiogenesis, proliferation, and survival genes (e.g., MYC, KDR) and dysregulation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR and MAP kinase pathways.

Conclusions:

  • Accurate diagnosis of TAS requires careful integration of histological, immunohistochemical, and molecular data.
  • Understanding the genetic landscape of TAS is crucial for developing novel therapeutic strategies.
  • Further molecular investigations are essential to fully characterize TAS and improve patient outcomes.