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CONsensus-based Process evaluation reporting guideline for public HEalth intervention Studies (CONPHES) conducted

Femke van Nassau1, Bart Cillekens2, Judith G M Jelsma2

  • 1Department of Public and Occupational Health and Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC Locatie VUmc, Amsterdam, Noord-Holland, the Netherlands f.vannassau@amsterdamumc.nl.

BMJ Open
|December 19, 2025
PubMed
Summary

A new guideline, CONPHES, was developed to standardize reporting for process evaluations of public health interventions. This aims to improve research interpretation and public health practice.

Keywords:
Delphi TechniqueImplementation SciencePUBLIC HEALTH

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Health Services Research
  • Implementation Science

Background:

  • Process evaluations are crucial for understanding public health intervention effectiveness.
  • Lack of standardized reporting guidelines hinders interpretation and comparison of process evaluations.
  • Existing guidelines do not adequately address process evaluations conducted alongside effectiveness trials.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a consensus-based and expert-driven reporting guideline for process evaluations of public health interventions.
  • To improve the quality and consistency of reporting for process evaluations.
  • To facilitate the translation of research findings into public health practice.

Main Methods:

  • An international e-Delphi study was conducted with 137 invited experts.
  • Experts included those involved in process evaluation design, high-profile researchers, journal editors, and guideline authors.
  • Consensus (≥67%) was reached on 19 reporting items through multiple rounds of expert feedback.

Main Results:

  • The CONPHES (Consensus-based Process Evaluation Reporting Guideline for public health intervention Studies) guideline comprises 19 items.
  • Items cover intervention details, implementation strategies, causal pathways, delivery teams, evaluation frameworks, and quality assurance.
  • An accompanying Explanation and Elaboration document provides detailed guidance for each item.

Conclusions:

  • The CONPHES guideline is expected to enhance the reporting of process evaluations for public health interventions.
  • Improved reporting can facilitate better understanding and application of research findings.
  • This contributes to more effective public health practice and improved health outcomes.