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The pathophysiology of urinary tract infections (UTIs) encompasses several progressive stages, beginning with bacterial colonization and culminating in potential systemic complications if untreated. UTIs are primarily initiated by bacteria, such as Escherichia coli, which often originate from the gastrointestinal tract and migrate to the urinary system through the periurethral area. This migration can occur via several routes, including improper hygiene practices, sexual activity, or...
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The hosts' susceptibility to infection depends on several factors. The integrity of the skin and mucous membranes helps protect the body against microbial attacks. When the skin is altered, the chance of infection, limb loss, and even death increases.
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Urinary tract infections (UTIs) impact various parts of the urinary system, including the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. These infections are generally bacterial, with Escherichia coli being the most common causative agent, often originating from the gastrointestinal tract. However, other bacteria, such as Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Proteus mirabilis, are also known to cause UTIs. The type, location, and underlying complexity of the UTI guide both...
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Urinary Tract Infection III: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care01:30

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A healthcare provider can diagnose a urinary tract infection (UTI) through several methods:Medical History and Symptoms: The provider will take a detailed medical history and ask about symptoms such as frequent urination, burning sensation during urination, and lower abdominal pain.Urinalysis: A clean-catch urine sample is collected in a sterile container and tested for the presence of bacteria, white blood cells (leukocytes), nitrites, blood, and protein. The presence of leukocytes and...
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Renal calculi, commonly termed kidney stones, are crystalline solid masses that form in the kidneys but can occur at any point within the urinary system, encompassing the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra.The pathophysiology of renal stones involves several key factors: supersaturation of the urine with stone-forming constituents, changes in urine pH, a decrease in urine volume, and the presence of substances that promote or inhibit stone formation.Supersaturation of Urine: This is the...
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Urine Studies II: Urine Culture and Sensitivity Test01:26

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A urine culture and sensitivity test is a diagnostic procedure used to identify urinary tract bacterial infections and determine the most effective antibiotics for treatment. This test is generally preferred when a patient shows manifestations of a urinary tract infection, such as frequent or painful urination, cloudy or foul-smelling urine, or lower abdominal pain.Purpose of the TestThe primary goals of a urine culture and sensitivity test are to:Determine the specific bacteria causing the...
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Risk factors for enterococcal bacteraemia in urology: a multicentre cohort study.

Pierre-Marie Roger1,2, Agnès Ferre3, Bruno Abram3

  • 1Infectiologie, Clinique Les Fleurs, 332, Ave Frédéric Mistral, Ollioules, 83190, France. roger@elsan.care.

European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases : Official Publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology
|December 19, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Enterococcal bacteraemia (EB) is a significant risk in urology, predominantly affecting males. Transurethral resection of the prostate emerged as a key risk factor for developing EB.

Keywords:
Antimicrobial stewardshipBacteraemiaEnterococcalTransurethral resection of the prostateUrology

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Area of Science:

  • Urology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Medical Microbiology

Background:

  • Enterococcal bacteraemia (EB) poses a significant challenge in healthcare settings.
  • Identifying risk factors for EB is crucial for effective prevention and management strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the risk factors associated with enterococcal bacteraemia (EB) in a urological patient cohort.
  • To determine the incidence of EB and other bloodstream infections in urology.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective study conducted over 18 months across five institutions.
  • Analysis of all positive blood cultures (PBC) within the urology departments.
  • Logistic regression analysis to identify independent risk factors for EB.

Main Results:

  • Out of 176 positive blood cultures, 32 (18%) were identified as EB.
  • Enterococcal bacteraemia occurred exclusively in male patients.
  • Transurethral resection of the prostate was significantly associated with EB (AOR [95% CI]: 3.75 [1.30-10.78]).

Conclusions:

  • Transurethral resection of the prostate is a notable risk factor for enterococcal bacteraemia in urology.
  • The exclusive occurrence of EB in males warrants further investigation.
  • Findings emphasize the need for targeted preventive measures in male urology patients undergoing specific procedures.