The emerging role of non-coding RNAs in the pathogenesis of infantile hemangioma

Infantile hemangioma (IH) is a common benign tumor that occurs in children, affecting both blood vessels and soft tissues. Its pathological features include abnormal proliferation of endothelial cells and an irregular vascular structure. However, the exact genetic and molecular mechanisms behind the development and progression of IH are not yet fully understood. Recent studies suggest that the dysregulation of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), such as microRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs), is closely related to the causes of various cancers, including IH. Altered expression of these ncRNAs can influence cell proliferation, viability, invasion, clonal expansion, migration, cell cycle progression, and angiogenesis while inhibiting apoptosis. This regulation is crucial for the formation and growth of IH. This article provides an overview of the potential use of ncRNAs as biomarkers or treatment targets in the context of IH development.