Review of ultrasonication-assisted Fenton processes for degrading aqueous pollutants

Ultimate oxidation has attracted growing consideration due to its capacity to generate extremely reactive oxidants, such as OH. In particular, Fenton chemistry and ultrasonication (US) techniques have demonstrated significant potential for degrading resistant contaminants in wastewater. The US/Fenton technique involves ultrasonication with Fenton's reagent to enhance OH radical generation and improve treatment efficacy. This review examines the theoretical foundations, operational effectiveness, and recent developments associated with US/Fenton. First, the report provides an overview of the Fenton, ultrasonication, and US/Fenton mechanisms, both individually and in combination. Then, it analyzes how variables such as ultrasonication frequency, energy input, pH, and reagent dosage influence performance. Next, the discussion turns to novel adaptations, such as US/photo-Fenton and US/electro-Fenton methods, and their roles in sludge treatment and related applications. Lastly, the review addresses the current challenges to its widespread implementation and outlines future research needs. Overall, the review emphasizes the recent progress and promising potential of US/Fenton as a robust wastewater remediation approach.