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Decellularized liver matrix-based bioactive beads induce host-vasculature integrated embolization.

Yutao Ma1, Zeyong Liu2, Fan Yao2

  • 1Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Smart Healthcare Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Biomaterials, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China; Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China.

Acta Biomaterialia
|December 20, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed new bioactive embolic beads using decellularized liver matrix for transarterial embolization (TAE). These beads promote vascular integration and tissue regeneration, improving embolization therapy outcomes.

Keywords:
Bioactive embolic beadsDecellularized liver matrixEndovascular remodelingHost-vasculature integrationTransarterial embolization

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Regenerative Medicine
  • Vascular Surgery

Background:

  • Current embolic agents for transarterial embolization (TAE) are either non-degradable (permanent occlusion) or purely degradable (temporary).
  • Existing embolic particles lack inherent bioactivity, limiting their ability to regulate the vascular microenvironment and optimize therapeutic outcomes.
  • There is a need for advanced embolic agents that promote vascular healing and integration post-embolization.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and evaluate novel gelatin-based bioactive embolic beads conjugated with decellularized liver extracellular matrix (ECM) for TAE.
  • To investigate the ability of these bioactive beads to deliver regenerative cues and promote vascular integration.
  • To assess the therapeutic efficacy and integration characteristics of the novel embolic system compared to conventional agents.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of gelatin-based embolic beads chemically conjugated with decellularized liver ECM.
  • Endovascular embolization using the developed bioactive beads in a rabbit ear model.
  • Assessment of intravascular collagen deposition, neotissue formation, and host-vasculature integration.
  • Histological analysis and imaging to evaluate vascular remodeling and embolization efficacy over time.

Main Results:

  • The bioactive embolic beads successfully delivered regenerative biomolecular cues, promoting significant intravascular collagen deposition and neotissue formation.
  • Host-vasculature integration was observed in surrounding fine vessels within 5 days post-embolization.
  • Complete integration in main vascular branches and full removal of embolized tissue occurred within 30 days, outperforming purely biodegradable particles.
  • The composite embolic system demonstrated enhanced endovascular embolization performance and prevented revascularization.

Conclusions:

  • The developed gelatin-based bioactive embolic beads conjugated with decellularized liver ECM represent a promising platform for advanced transarterial embolization.
  • This novel system facilitates host-vasculature integration and controlled vascular remodeling, enhancing therapeutic efficacy beyond physical occlusion.
  • The bioactive composite embolic agents offer a superior approach to embolization therapy by leveraging regenerative properties for improved outcomes.