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Injectable Supramolecular Polymer-Nanoparticle Hydrogels for Cell and Drug Delivery Applications
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Design-Driven Gel-Based Delivery Systems for Bioactives in Sports Nutrition.

Yien Xiang1, Fan Yao2, Xin Jin2

  • 1Jilin University Engineering Laboratory for Translational Medicine of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases, The Second Norman Bethune Clinical Medical College of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.

Gels (Basel, Switzerland)
|June 26, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Gel-based delivery systems enhance sports nutrition by improving the stability and absorption of bioactive compounds. These systems address challenges like poor dispersibility and low bioaccessibility for better athlete recovery and performance.

Keywords:
bioactive compoundsdelivery systemsgel-based food delivery systemsnutrition

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Area of Science:

  • Food Science
  • Nutritional Science
  • Biomaterials Engineering

Background:

  • Sports nutrition products increasingly require bioactive compounds for recovery and physiological regulation.
  • Bioactive compounds often face challenges like poor dispersibility, stability, and absorption, limiting their use in food products.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review food-grade, gel-based delivery systems for bioactive compounds in sports nutrition.
  • To examine design principles for optimizing stability, release, and sports-specific constraints.

Main Methods:

  • Critical examination of hydrogels, microgels, emulsion gels, protein gel matrices, and multicomponent gel architectures.
  • Analysis of gel systems' effectiveness in various sports nutrition product formats (liquid, solid, semi-solid).
  • Proposal of a design decision framework for aligning bioactives, food format, and exercise needs.

Main Results:

  • Gel-based systems offer structural stability, digestion-triggered responsiveness, and food compatibility.
  • Delivery performance is influenced by product format and consumption scenario.
  • Challenges include predicting structure-function relationships and scale-up robustness.

Conclusions:

  • Gel-based delivery systems show promise for enhancing stability, release, and functionality of bioactives in sports nutrition.
  • Tailoring delivery structures to sports-specific constraints is crucial for practical application.
  • Further research is needed to overcome challenges in predicting performance and scale-up.