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Related Experiment Video

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Global Glaucoma Prevalence: Burden and Projection to 2060.

Ziyao Wang1, Can Can Xue2, Yiman Li3

  • 1From the Department of Ophthalmology (Z.W.), Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China; Beijing Visual Science and Translational Eye Research Institute (Z.W., Z.P., F.L., C.Z., J.B.J., T.Y.W., Y.X.W.), Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, Tsinghua Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.

American Journal of Ophthalmology
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Summary

Open-angle glaucoma (OAG) burden is rising globally, significantly underestimated due to the myopia epidemic. This trend necessitates new strategies for myopia prevention and targeted OAG screening, especially in high-myopia regions.

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Public Health
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Open-angle glaucoma (OAG) is a primary cause of irreversible blindness worldwide.
  • Previous OAG burden estimates did not fully account for the escalating prevalence of myopia.
  • Myopia is a significant risk factor, associated with earlier onset and increased OAG risk.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide updated global and regional prevalence and population burden estimates for OAG.
  • To incorporate the impact of demographic aging and the rising prevalence of myopia.
  • To project the OAG burden by 2060, considering both aging and myopia trends.

Main Methods:

  • A systematic review and meta-analysis of 77 population-based studies (1991-2023) informed current OAG prevalence.
  • OAG prevalence in 2060 was modeled using risk ratios for myopia and United Nations population data.
  • Early-onset OAG in younger populations (20-39 years) was estimated separately based on projected high myopia prevalence.

Main Results:

  • Global OAG prevalence (≥40 years) is projected to increase from 2.8% in 2024 to 3.5% by 2060.
  • The number of individuals with OAG is expected to more than double, reaching 186.6 million by 2060.
  • The myopia epidemic is estimated to contribute an additional 28.9 million OAG cases, with 6.1 million early-onset cases in younger adults.

Conclusions:

  • The global OAG burden is significantly underestimated, largely driven by the increasing prevalence of myopia.
  • Myopia contributes substantially to OAG cases, including early-onset OAG in individuals under 40.
  • Urgent implementation of myopia prevention and targeted OAG screening strategies is crucial, particularly in myopia-prevalent regions.