Noninvasive Brain Stimulation (NIBS) Techniques Application in Voice Disorders: A Systematic Review

Area of Science:

• Neurology
• Speech-Language Pathology
• Neurorehabilitation

Background:

• Voice disorders significantly impact communication and quality of life.
• Current treatments for voice disorders have inconsistent efficacy.
• Noninvasive brain stimulation (NIBS) offers a novel approach to enhance neuroplasticity for voice disorders.

Purpose of the Study:

• To systematically review and evaluate the evidence on the therapeutic efficacy of NIBS for voice disorders.

Main Methods:

• Comprehensive literature search across major databases (PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane, Google Scholar) up to May 2025.
• Included studies utilized any NIBS intervention in individuals with diagnosed voice disorders.
• Assessed methodological quality and evidence levels using established appraisal tools.

Main Results:

• Eight studies (RCTs, open-label, single-case) were included.
• Preliminary evidence suggests improvements in acoustic, perceptual, and self-reported voice outcomes with NIBS, especially when targeting motor cortices.
• Low certainty of evidence due to heterogeneity, small sample sizes, and incomplete blinding.

Conclusions:

• NIBS demonstrates potential therapeutic value for certain voice disorders.
• High-quality, large-scale randomized trials with neuroimaging and extended follow-up are necessary.
• Further research is crucial to refine NIBS protocols and establish clinical effectiveness for voice disorders.