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Clinical Trials01:16

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Many animals exhibit parental care behavior, including feeding, grooming, and protecting young offspring. Parental care is universal in mammals and birds, which often have young that are born relatively helpless. Several species of insects and fish, as well as some amphibians, also care for their young.
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Trials that have changed maternal care.

Kevin S Shrestha1, Alan Tn Tita2

  • 1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.

Seminars in Perinatology
|December 21, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Four landmark maternal health studies significantly impact current patient care. Key findings include reduced perinatal HIV transmission, decreased cesarean delivery infections, no benefit from treating subclinical hypothyroidism, and improved outcomes for chronic hypertension in pregnancy.

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Area of Science:

  • Obstetrics and Gynecology
  • Maternal Health
  • Evidence-Based Medicine

Background:

  • Landmark clinical trials establish new standards of care in maternal health.
  • Practice guidelines are frequently updated based on robust trial data.
  • This review highlights four pivotal maternal intervention studies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review four landmark maternal intervention trials.
  • To discuss their impact on current obstetric practice and guidelines.
  • To emphasize the influence of these studies on patient care.

Main Methods:

  • Review of four influential studies on maternal interventions.
  • Analysis of trial data regarding perinatal HIV transmission.
  • Evaluation of studies on antibiotic use in cesarean deliveries.
  • Assessment of interventions for hypothyroidism and chronic hypertension in pregnancy.

Main Results:

  • Zidovudine treatment significantly reduced perinatal HIV transmission.
  • Azithromycin with preoperative antibiotics decreased cesarean postoperative infections.
  • No benefit was found for treating subclinical hypothyroidism or hypothyroxinemia.
  • Treatment of non-severe chronic hypertension improved pregnancy outcomes.

Conclusions:

  • These studies have defined and continue to influence standards of care in obstetrics.
  • Interventions for HIV, cesarean infections, and chronic hypertension have clear benefits.
  • Routine levothyroxine for subclinical hypothyroidism in pregnancy is not supported by evidence.