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Isolation of Human Endometrial Stromal Cells for In Vitro Decidualization
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Decrypting spatiotemporal code of human endometrial receptivity.

Yang Liu1,2, Yang Wang3,4, Leilei Zhang3,4

  • 1Center for Reproductive Medicine and Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.

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|December 21, 2025
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Summary

Understanding human endometrial receptivity is key to treating infertility. This study maps endometrial receptivity at single-cell resolution, identifying key genes and pathways involved in the implantation window.

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Area of Science:

  • Reproductive Biology
  • Genomics
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Human endometrial receptivity is crucial for successful pregnancy but its underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood.
  • This knowledge gap presents a significant challenge in addressing female infertility.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To construct a high-resolution spatiotemporal atlas of human endometrial receptivity at the single-cell level.
  • To elucidate the molecular topography and signaling pathways governing the establishment of the implantation window.

Main Methods:

  • Integration of high-resolution spatiotemporal and single-cell transcriptomic profiling.
  • Application of in situ sequencing to map molecular landscapes within the endometrium.

Main Results:

  • Detailed spatial molecular topography of endometrial receptivity was depicted.
  • Identified key stromal (NR2F1, CEBPD) and epithelial (SGK1, KLF5, ELF3) factors associated with implantation window opening.
  • Discovered cholesterol metabolism promotes ciliogenesis and elucidated the FGFs-FGFR2 signaling pathway mediating stroma-epithelium crosstalk.

Conclusions:

  • The study provides a spatiotemporally resolved "receptivity code" for the human endometrium.
  • Identified novel factors and pathways crucial for endometrial receptivity and epithelial differentiation.
  • Offers potential insights for interventions targeting female infertility.