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Disorders of the Urinary System

Disorders of the Urinary System

The urinary system is responsible for eliminating waste and excess fluids from the body. However, disorders of the urinary system can arise due to various reasons like infections, stress, age, congenital abnormalities, and lifestyle.
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are one of the most common urinary system disorders. They are caused by bacteria that enter the urethra and can spread to the bladder resulting in cystitis. Pyelonephritis is the result of a UTI that has ascended to the level of the...

Nursing Assessment of the Genitourinary System I: Health History

Nursing Assessment of the Genitourinary System I: Health History

The genitourinary system is critical to maintaining fluid balance, waste elimination, and reproductive function. Nurses play a vital role in assessing this system, beginning with a thorough health history. This process involves gathering patient information, identifying risk factors, and recognizing symptoms of genitourinary disorders. Early detection is vital for timely interventions and management.1. Gathering Patient InformationA complete health history includes the patient’s personal,...

Nephrotic Syndrome I : Introduction

Nephrotic Syndrome I : Introduction

Nephrotic Syndrome is a chronic kidney disorder defined by clinical findings such as severe proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, hyperlipidemia, and edema. These symptoms result from damage to the glomeruli, the kidney’s filtering units, increasing their permeability to proteins.Definition and Meaning:Proteinuria, defined as the loss of more than 3.5 grams of protein per day in adults, is a crucial feature of nephrotic syndrome. This condition is often accompanied by edema, the accumulation of...

Anatomy of the Genitourinary System II: Bladder and Urethra

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The lower urinary system consists of the urinary bladder and urethra, which are essential in storing and expelling urine from the body. Together with the internal and external sphincters, these structures work together to regulate urination effectively.Anatomy of the BladderThe urinary bladder is a muscular, stretchable organ behind the pubic bone and in front of the rectum. In females, the bladder is positioned anterior to the vagina and inferior to the uterus, while in males, it is located...

Urinary Bladder

Urinary Bladder

The urinary bladder is a hollow, muscular sac that temporarily stores urine before it is expelled from the body. It can hold approximately 600 mL of urine prior to micturition. The bladder is retroperitoneal and located behind the pubic symphysis in the pelvic floor.
In males, the bladder is situated in front of the rectum, while in females, it is positioned anterior to the vagina and uterus. The bladder floor contains an inverted triangular area called the trigone, defined by the two ureteric...

Nursing Assessment of the Genitourinary System II: Inspection and Palpation

Nursing Assessment of the Genitourinary System II: Inspection and Palpation

The nursing assessment of the genitourinary (GU) system involves a systematic inspection and palpation to identify abnormalities in the kidneys, bladder, and surrounding structures.InspectionMouth: Inspect for signs of kidney dysfunction, such as stomatitis (inflammation of the mouth) and ammonia breath, which may occur in advanced kidney disease due to the buildup of urea, breaking down into ammonia.Skin: Check for pallor, which could indicate anemia caused by kidney disease. Look for...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 8, 2026

Analyses of Proteinuria, Renal Infiltration of Leukocytes, and Renal Deposition of Proteins in Lupus-prone MRL/lpr Mice

Analyses of Proteinuria, Renal Infiltration of Leukocytes, and Renal Deposition of Proteins in Lupus-prone MRL/lpr Mice

Published on: June 8, 2022

Urinary Incontinence Among Adults With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.

Gabriel Salazar¹, Scott Bauer^1,2,3, Courtney Hoge⁴

¹Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco.

ACR Open Rheumatology

|December 21, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Urinary incontinence (UI) affects over a third of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients and is linked to higher disease activity. Early screening and management are crucial for this population.

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Last Updated: Jan 8, 2026

Analyses of Proteinuria, Renal Infiltration of Leukocytes, and Renal Deposition of Proteins in Lupus-prone MRL/lpr Mice

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Published on: June 8, 2022

Ultrasonography of the Adult Male Urinary Tract for Urinary Functional Testing

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Published on: August 14, 2019

Real-Time Void Spot Assay

Real-Time Void Spot Assay

Published on: February 10, 2023

Area of Science:

Rheumatology
Urology
Epidemiology

Background:

Urinary incontinence (UI) prevalence and impact in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) are not well-documented.
Understanding UI in SLE is crucial for improving patient care and quality of life.

Purpose of the Study:

To determine the prevalence and life burden of UI in a US-based SLE cohort.
To investigate the association between UI and SLE disease activity and damage.

Main Methods:

A cohort of 425 SLE patients (mean age 46.3, 92.0% women) completed questionnaires for UI assessment.
SLE activity and damage were measured, and logistic regression analyzed associations with UI.
UI was defined as monthly urinary leakage; disease metrics were dichotomized at the median.

Main Results:

36.2% of SLE patients reported monthly UI, with mixed-type being most common.
UI was more prevalent in women, older individuals, and those with obesity.
Higher SLE disease activity significantly increased UI odds (OR=3.02); disease damage showed a non-significant trend.

Conclusions:

UI is a common condition in SLE patients, significantly associated with increased disease activity.
Findings underscore the necessity for updated clinical screening and management protocols for UI in SLE.
Addressing UI can improve the daily lives and overall health outcomes for individuals with SLE.