Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Lymphoid Cells and Tissues01:18

Lymphoid Cells and Tissues

2.8K
Lymphoid cells and tissues are integral to the immune system, which is crucial in maintaining our body's defense against harmful pathogens. They form the building blocks of lymphoid organs, which include the spleen, thymus, and lymph nodes.
Lymphoid cells consist of various types of immune system cells. These include B and T lymphocytes, which are responsible for producing antibodies and killing infected cells, respectively. Dendritic cells act as messengers between the innate and adaptive...
2.8K
T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

14.6K
T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
14.6K
T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

2.1K
When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
2.1K
Primary Lymphoid Organs01:16

Primary Lymphoid Organs

14.5K
Primary lymphoid organs are pivotal in the formation, development, and maturation of lymphocytes, the white blood cells that serve as the backbone of our immune system. This crucial function underscores their fundamental role in maintaining our overall health and immunity. The two primary lymphoid organs of prime importance are the red bone marrow and the thymus.
The red bone marrow is a soft, spongy tissue nestled in the interior of long bones such as the humerus and femur. It is the site...
14.5K
Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response01:23

Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response

8.4K
The T and B lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system develop from common lymphoid progenitor cells in the bone marrow. These progenitors give rise to precursors that eventually develop into both T and B lymphocytes. As these precursors mature, they gain the ability to detect and respond to foreign antigens in the body, a process known as immunocompetence. Additionally, these precursors acquire self-tolerance, a process that ensures they do not react to self-antigens. This intricate system...
8.4K
Secondary Lymphoid Organs01:15

Secondary Lymphoid Organs

8.7K
Secondary organs, including lymph nodes, the spleen, and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT), work harmoniously to protect us from disease and infection.
The spleen is a vital organ in the lymphatic system, nestled in the upper left side of the abdomen. It is composed of two primary regions: the red pulp and the white pulp, each having distinct functions. The red pulp performs a significant role in blood filtration. It efficiently purges the blood of old or damaged red blood cells and...
8.7K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Functional and dysfunctional T regulatory cell states in human tissues in RA and other autoimmune arthritic diseases.

Nature immunology·2026
Same author

Linking T Cell States to T Cell Receptors in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.

Arthritis & rheumatology (Hoboken, N.J.)·2026
Same author

Association Between Serum Cortisol Levels and Variant Angina.

Korean circulation journal·2026
Same author

Comprehensive Comparison of Front- and Back-Illuminated Single-Photon Avalanche Diodes in 110 nm Standard CMOS Image Sensor Technology.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same author

Response to Gao and Chen, "Comments on Akaike et al's 'Circulating tumor DNA level is associated with time to clinical recurrence in Merkel cell carcinoma: Implications for patient management'".

Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology·2026
Same author

Pre-treatment naïve T cells are associated with severe irAE following PD-1/CTLA4 checkpoint blockade for melanoma.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 8, 2026

Evaluation of T Follicular Helper Cells and Germinal Center Response During Influenza A Virus Infection in Mice
07:07

Evaluation of T Follicular Helper Cells and Germinal Center Response During Influenza A Virus Infection in Mice

Published on: June 27, 2020

5.7K

T Peripheral Helper Cells in Lymphoid Aggregate and Tertiary Lymphoid Structure Formation.

John Sowerby1, Jaehyuk Choi2,3, Deepak A Rao1

  • 1Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

Immunological Reviews
|December 22, 2025
PubMed
Summary

T peripheral helper (Tph) cells accumulate in inflamed tissues, promoting B cell activation and autoimmune responses. Understanding these cells and their regulation offers new therapeutic strategies for autoimmune diseases.

Keywords:
T cellsautoantibodiesautoimmunitycell differentiationinflammation

More Related Videos

Reaggregate Thymus Cultures
05:47

Reaggregate Thymus Cultures

Published on: August 28, 2008

13.3K
Isolation of CD4+ T-cells and Analysis of Circulating T-follicular Helper cTfh Cell Subsets from Peripheral Blood Using 6-color Flow Cytometry
07:39

Isolation of CD4+ T-cells and Analysis of Circulating T-follicular Helper cTfh Cell Subsets from Peripheral Blood Using 6-color Flow Cytometry

Published on: January 7, 2019

12.7K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 8, 2026

Evaluation of T Follicular Helper Cells and Germinal Center Response During Influenza A Virus Infection in Mice
07:07

Evaluation of T Follicular Helper Cells and Germinal Center Response During Influenza A Virus Infection in Mice

Published on: June 27, 2020

5.7K
Reaggregate Thymus Cultures
05:47

Reaggregate Thymus Cultures

Published on: August 28, 2008

13.3K
Isolation of CD4+ T-cells and Analysis of Circulating T-follicular Helper cTfh Cell Subsets from Peripheral Blood Using 6-color Flow Cytometry
07:39

Isolation of CD4+ T-cells and Analysis of Circulating T-follicular Helper cTfh Cell Subsets from Peripheral Blood Using 6-color Flow Cytometry

Published on: January 7, 2019

12.7K

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Autoimmune Diseases
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Chronically inflamed tissues often develop tertiary lymphoid structures, fostering local adaptive immune responses.
  • CD4 T cells that help B cells accumulate in autoimmune disease target tissues, promoting B cell activation and lymphoid aggregate formation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To discuss the features of T peripheral helper (Tph) cells and other Tfh-like cells in inflamed autoimmune tissues.
  • To review the regulation of key factors like CXCL13 and IL-21 produced by these cells.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and discussion of existing research on Tph cells and tertiary lymphoid structures in autoimmune diseases.

Main Results:

  • Tph cells, functionally similar to T follicular helper (Tfh) cells but with distinct migratory properties, accumulate in inflamed tissues like rheumatoid arthritis synovium.
  • Tph cells are a primary source of CXCL13, a chemokine that recruits B cells to peripheral tissues.
  • These cells contribute to local B cell activation and the progression of autoimmune responses.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding the diverse B cell-helper T cell populations in inflamed tissues is crucial.
  • Investigating the regulation of Tph cell differentiation and function may reveal novel therapeutic targets for autoimmune diseases.