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Related Concept Videos

Properties of Enantiomers and Optical Activity02:24

Properties of Enantiomers and Optical Activity

21.0K
It is essential to understand the difference between chiral and achiral interactions and the implications thereof in optical activity and their applications. Just as our feet, which are chiral, interact uniquely with chiral objects, such as a pair of shoes, but identically with achiral socks, enantiomers of a molecule exhibit different properties only when they interact with other chiral media. An example of a significant implication from this facet is the phenomenon known as optical activity,...
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Chirality02:25

Chirality

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Chirality is a term that describes the lack of mirror symmetry in an object. In other words, chiral objects cannot be superposed on their mirror images. For example, our feet are chiral, as the mirror image of the left foot, the right foot, cannot be superposed on the left foot.
Chiral objects exhibit a sense of handedness when they interact with another chiral object. For example, our left foot can only fit in the left shoe and not in the right shoe. Achiral objects — objects that have...
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Chirality in Nature02:30

Chirality in Nature

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Chirality is the most intriguing yet essential facet of nature, governing life’s biochemical processes and precision. It can be observed from a snail shell pattern in a macroscopic world to an amino acid, the minutest building block of life. Most of the snails around the world have right-coiled shells because of the intrinsic chirality in their genes. All the amino acids present in the human body exist in an enantiomerically pure state, except for glycine - the sole achiral amino acid.
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Prochirality02:05

Prochirality

4.8K
The concept of prochirality leads to the nomenclature of the individual faces of a molecule and plays a crucial role in the enantioselective reaction. It is a concept where two or more achiral molecules react to produce chiral products. A typical process is the reaction of an achiral ketone to generate a chiral alcohol. Here, the achiral reactant reacts with an achiral reducing agent, sodium borohydride, to generate an equimolar mixture of the chiral enantiomers of the product. For example, an...
4.8K
Stereoisomerism02:52

Stereoisomerism

13.8K
Isomerism in Complexes
Isomers are different chemical species that have the same chemical formula.
Transition metal complexes often exist as geometric isomers, in which the same atoms are connected through the same types of bonds but with differences in their orientation in space. Coordination complexes with two different ligands in the cis and trans positions from a ligand of interest form isomers. For example, the octahedral [Co(NH3)4Cl2]+ ion has two isomers (Figure 1) In the cis...
13.8K
Molecules with Multiple Chiral Centers02:25

Molecules with Multiple Chiral Centers

14.7K
Molecules that possess multiple chiral centers can afford a large number of stereoisomers. For instance, while some molecules like 2-butanol have one chiral center, defined as a tetrahedral carbon atom with four different substituents attached, several molecules like butane-2,3-diol have multiple chiral centers. A simple formula to predict the number of stereoisomers possible for a molecule with n chiral centers is 2n. However, there can be a lower number where some of the stereoisomers are...
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Updated: Jan 8, 2026

Coulomb Explosion Imaging as a Tool to Distinguish Between Stereoisomers
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Coulomb Explosion Imaging as a Tool to Distinguish Between Stereoisomers

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Chirality-driven all-optical image differentiation.

Stefanos Fr Koufidis1, Zeki Hayran1, Francesco Monticone2

  • 1Blackett Laboratory, Department of Physics, Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, Prince Consort Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK.

Nanophotonics (Berlin, Germany)
|December 22, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed a novel optical processing platform using birefringent slabs. This resonance-free system achieves precise spatial differentiation for applications like edge detection, overcoming wavelength dependency limitations.

Keywords:
Laplaciananalog computingchiralityimage differentiationmetamaterialsspectral engineering

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Area of Science:

  • Photonics and Optical Engineering
  • Meta-optics and Nanophotonics
  • Computational Optics

Background:

  • Existing optical analog computing often relies on resonant or periodic structures, leading to wavelength dependency and fabrication challenges.
  • These limitations hinder bandwidth and impose strict manufacturing tolerances for optical processing functionalities.
  • There is a need for tunable, resonance-free optical platforms for advanced image processing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce a highly tunable, resonance-free platform for optical processing.
  • To demonstrate spatial differentiation capabilities for applications such as edge detection.
  • To overcome the wavelength-dependency limitations of current optical computing approaches.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a coupled-wave theory framework to analyze two cascaded uniform birefringent slabs.
  • Investigated spectral holes arising from destructive interference of circularly polarized waves.
  • Explored the negative-refraction regime enabled by giant chirality for parabolic interference response.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated sharp reflection minima (spectral holes) engineered via parameter tuning, independent of spatial periodicity.
  • Showcased a polarization-selective Laplacian-like operator in the negative-refraction regime, enabling accurate spatial differentiation.
  • Achieved successful edge-detection using the developed optical processing platform.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed platform offers a promising, tunable approach for optical processing without relying on resonances.
  • The demonstrated spatial differentiation capability is crucial for all-optical pattern recognition and image restoration.
  • The required material parameters are compatible with recent advancements in meta-optics, paving the way for compact, reconfigurable devices.