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Trends in Lattice Energy: Ion Size and Charge

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An ionic compound is stable because of the electrostatic attraction between its positive and negative ions. The lattice energy of a compound is a measure of the strength of this attraction. The lattice energy (ΔHlattice) of an ionic compound is defined as the energy required to separate one mole of the solid into its component gaseous ions. For the ionic solid sodium chloride, the lattice energy is the enthalpy change of the process:

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Updated: Jan 8, 2026

Bulk and Thin Film Synthesis of Compositionally Variant Entropy-stabilized Oxides

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Published on: May 29, 2018

Comparative High-Pressure Study on Rare-Earth Entropy Fluorite-Type Oxides.

Pablo Botella¹, David Vie², Leda Kolarek³

¹Departamento de Física Aplicada-ICMUV, MALTA Consolider Team, Universitat de Valencia, Valencia 46100, Spain.

Crystal Growth & Design

|December 22, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

High-pressure studies reveal that rare-earth high-entropy oxides exhibit complex structural behavior, including lattice distortions and softening, influenced by configurational entropy and cation disorder.

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Published on: May 10, 2021

Area of Science:

Materials Science
Solid State Chemistry
High-Pressure Physics

Background:

Rare-earth oxides with fluorite structures are crucial in advanced materials.
Configurational entropy significantly influences the properties of high-entropy materials.
Understanding material behavior under extreme pressure is vital for technological applications.

Purpose of the Study:

To comparatively investigate the high-pressure structural response of two fluorite-type rare-earth oxides with varying configurational entropy.
To elucidate the mechanisms behind structural stability and vibrational property changes under extreme compression.
To explore the role of cationic disorder in the resilience of these materials.

Main Methods:

Synchrotron-based powder X-ray diffraction up to 30 GPa.
Raman spectroscopy up to 20 GPa.
Analysis of compressibility, vibrational modes, and structural phase transitions.

Main Results:

Both (CePr)-O_2-δ and (CePrLa)-O_2-δ retained the fluorite structure, with an anomaly (compressibility plateau, vibrational mode changes) between 9-16 GPa attributed to lattice distortions.
(CePrLa)-O_2-δ showed amorphization above 22 GPa, indicating reduced stability.
A slight decrease in bulk modulus post-anomaly suggested lattice softening; Raman data indicated suppression of F_2g mode with disorder and partial reordering under pressure.

Conclusions:

Configurational entropy, cation size, and pressure intricately govern the structural stability and vibrational properties of rare-earth high-entropy oxides.
Local lattice distortions and bond angle bending, rather than abrupt phase transitions, characterize the observed anomaly.
The study provides insights into the resilience and disorder mechanisms in these materials under extreme conditions.