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Biomimetic bone-vessel interface-on-a-chip for simulating periodontal physiological and pathological

Chen Chen1,2,3,4, Jianan Hui4, Tian Tian4

  • 1School of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China.

Regenerative Biomaterials
|December 22, 2025
PubMed
Summary

A novel bone-vessel organ chip models periodontitis, revealing how bacterial toxins and inflammation damage blood vessels and bone. This platform aids in developing new therapies for periodontitis and related systemic diseases.

Keywords:
bone-vessel interfaceinflammationmicrofluidic technologyorgan-on-a-chip

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Oral Biology
  • Vascular Biology

Background:

  • Periodontitis causes bone loss and tooth loss.
  • Periodontitis can lead to systemic diseases via circulation.
  • Endothelial cells are crucial in disease progression.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a microfluidic bone-vessel interface-on-a-chip.
  • To simulate the inflammatory microenvironment of periodontitis.
  • To investigate the impact of periodontitis on vascular and bone tissues.

Main Methods:

  • Co-culture of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) on a chip.
  • Introduction of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Porphyromonas gingivalis and TNF-α to induce inflammation.
  • Assessment of endothelial barrier function, cell adhesion, and bone marker expression.

Main Results:

  • The chip successfully cultured hBMSCs and HUVECs, forming a functional vascular barrier.
  • Inflammatory conditions disrupted endothelial cell junctions and increased monocyte adhesion.
  • Bone formation markers were reduced under inflammatory conditions.

Conclusions:

  • The bone-vessel interface-on-a-chip effectively models periodontitis-induced inflammation.
  • This platform can study the effects of periodontitis on vascular and bone tissues.
  • It offers a new avenue for developing targeted therapies for inflammatory diseases.