Uncovering Hyperhomocysteinemia: Global Risk Patterns and Molecular Disruption in Brain and Vascular Health

Area of Science:

• Neuroscience
• Vascular Biology
• Biochemistry

Background:

• Hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) involves elevated homocysteine, a risk factor for neural and vascular issues.
• HHcy is multifactorial, influenced by nutrition, genetics (MTHFR, CBS), aging, and comorbidities.

Purpose of the Study:

• To provide a comprehensive overview of HHcy's role in neurovascular dysfunction.
• To integrate epidemiological, clinical, and mechanistic research on HHcy.

Main Methods:

• Literature review integrating epidemiological, clinical, and mechanistic studies.
• Analysis of molecular pathways linking HHcy to pathology.

Main Results:

• HHcy contributes to cognitive decline, memory impairment, and endothelial dysfunction.
• Molecular pathways include oxidative stress, inflammasome activation, and epigenetic changes.
• HHcy is linked to increased disease burden in neurodegenerative disorders.

Conclusions:

• HHcy is a significant, under-recognized factor in neurovascular health.
• Targeting HHcy may offer interventions for neurochemical and vascular conditions.