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Working Memory Training for Older Participants: A Control Group Training Regimen and Initial Intellectual Functioning Assessment
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Can working memory training improve working memory capacity in typically developing children?: Training methods

Yan Hong1, Renlai Zhou2

  • 1Department of Psychology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; Zhejiang Philosophy and Social Science Laboratory for Research in Early Development and Childcare, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.

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|December 22, 2025
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Different working memory training (WMT) tasks yield varied improvements in children's working memory. The specific training task influences near-transfer effects and underlying neural mechanisms.

Keywords:
ERPsNeural oscillationsTypically developing childrenWorking memory capacityWorking memory training

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Developmental Psychology

Background:

  • Working memory (WM) is crucial for cognitive functions.
  • Understanding how different working memory training (WMT) tasks impact WM and neural mechanisms is essential for targeted interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the effects of two distinct WMT tasks: adaptive running memory span (RMS) and working memory animal span (WMAS).
  • To investigate the underlying cognitive and neural mechanisms associated with each WMT task.
  • To examine the transfer effects of WMT on untrained cognitive measures in children.

Main Methods:

  • Eighty-four children were randomly assigned to RMS training, WMAS training, or a control group.
  • Training involved 20 sessions over approximately 4 weeks.
  • Cognitive assessments included backward digit span, change-detection task, and n-back task with electroencephalogram (EEG).

Main Results:

  • Both WMT groups showed improvements compared to the control group.
  • The RMS group demonstrated gains in visual WM storage, updating ability, P2/P3 amplitudes, and theta power.
  • The WMAS group showed changes in P2 amplitude and alpha power.

Conclusions:

  • WMT can enhance children's working memory capacity.
  • Near-transfer effects of WMT are task-specific and modulated by training characteristics.
  • Different WMT tasks engage distinct cognitive and neural mechanisms.