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Critical motility-induced phase separation in three dimensions is consistent with Ising universality.

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Summary

This study investigates critical active phase transitions using simulations of active Brownian hard spheres. Results show exponents match the 3D Ising universality class, suggesting similarities with passive fluids.

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Area of Science:

  • Physics
  • Soft Matter Physics
  • Statistical Mechanics

Background:

  • Critical active phase transitions are a topic of recent scientific interest and debate.
  • Determining the universality class of these transitions requires robust numerical simulations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To resolve controversies regarding active phase transitions.
  • To investigate whether active critical exponents align with novel or established universality classes.

Main Methods:

  • Conducted large-scale computer simulations of motility-induced phase separation (MIPS).
  • Performed finite-size scaling analysis on active Brownian hard spheres in three dimensions (3D).
  • Utilized a fluctuating hydrodynamic description for critical dynamics.

Main Results:

  • Static and dynamic critical exponents closely match those of the 3D Ising universality class.
  • The order parameter field's critical dynamics flow to the Wilson-Fisher fixed point in 3D.
  • 3D MIPS and the active Brownian hard sphere phase diagram resemble those of molecular passive fluids.

Conclusions:

  • The findings suggest 3D MIPS belongs to the 3D Ising universality class.
  • Active systems can exhibit behavior analogous to passive systems despite lacking Boltzmann statistics.
  • This work provides a robust numerical investigation into active phase transitions.