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Dissolution kinetics, an essential aspect of oral drug delivery, is significantly influenced by the drug's particle size. According to the Noyes-Whitney dissolution model, the dissolution rate correlates directly with the drug's surface area. The larger the surface area, the higher the drug's solubility in water, leading to a faster drug dissolution rate. Reducing particle size increases the effective surface area, enhancing the dissolution process. Micronization and nanosizing are...
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Carbonation is a process used to dissolve carbon dioxide gas in a liquid, commonly used in the production of carbonated beverages. Achieving efficient carbonation requires careful control of temperature, pressure, and flow conditions. By adjusting these parameters, carbonation efficiency can be maximized, producing a higher concentration of CO2 in the liquid.
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Minimizing Dissolution Effects in CO2-Water Interfacial Tension Measurements Using the Rising Pendant Drop Method.

Wei Yu1, Masud Babayev2, Abdullah S Sultan1,2,3

  • 1Center for Integrative Petroleum Research (CIPR), College of Petroleum Engineering & Geosciences, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia.

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Summary
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We developed a new pendant drop technique for accurately measuring interfacial tension (IFT) between carbon dioxide (CO2) and water. This method improves accuracy for carbon sequestration and gas hydrate research.

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Area of Science:

  • Geochemistry
  • Physical Chemistry
  • Chemical Engineering

Background:

  • Accurate interfacial tension (IFT) measurements are crucial for carbon sequestration and gas hydrate research.
  • Conventional pendant drop methods using water-in-gas configurations suffer from density inaccuracies due to CO2 dissolution.
  • This leads to significant errors in calculated IFT values, hindering reliable subsurface CO2 storage assessments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a novel gas-in-water pendant drop technique for precise IFT measurements between CO2 and water.
  • To overcome the limitations of conventional methods caused by CO2 dissolution and density changes.
  • To establish a reliable method for determining CO2/CH4-water IFT under relevant reservoir conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a gas-in-water pendant drop technique with continuous injection to create stable CO2 bubbles.
  • Minimized CO2 dissolution in the aqueous phase, allowing IFT calculation using pure-phase densities.
  • Validated the method with CH4-water systems and systematically measured CO2/CH4-water IFTs from 0-80°C and up to 50 MPa.

Main Results:

  • The gas-in-water pendant drop technique provides precise IFT measurements by avoiding density errors.
  • IFT values were systematically measured for CO2/CH4-water systems across a wide range of temperatures and pressures.
  • Results indicate that IFT stabilizes at lower temperatures with increasing pressure.

Conclusions:

  • The developed gas-in-water pendant drop technique offers a significant improvement for accurate IFT determination in CO2-water systems.
  • An empirical correlation based on density difference and temperature effectively models the observed IFT behavior.
  • This research provides a critical foundation for advancing studies in CO2 storage and gas hydrate formation and dissociation.