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Related Concept Videos

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Base complementarity between the three base pairs of mRNA codon and the tRNA anticodon is not a failsafe mechanism. Inaccuracies can range from a single mismatch to no correct base pairing at all. The free energy difference between the correct and nearly correct base pairs can be as small as 3 kcal/ mol. With complementarity being the only proofreading step, the estimated error frequency would be one wrong amino acid in every 100 amino acids incorporated. However, error frequencies observed in...
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The organelle-specific signaling sequences direct proteins synthesized in the cytosol to their final destination like ER, mitochondria, peroxisomes, etc. Some of the proteins directed to ER are then trafficked via vesicles to other organelles within the cell or the extracellular environment through the Golgi complex. For example, the rough ER synthesizes soluble proteins for transportation to the lysosomes or secretion out of the cell. It can also synthesize transmembrane proteins that can...
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Related Experiment Video

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Using SecM Arrest Sequence as a Tool to Isolate Ribosome Bound Polypeptides
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Multiple checkpoints ensure ribosomes have the correct end.

Jacob Gordon1,2,3,4, Robin E Stanley1

  • 1Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America.

Plos Biology
|December 23, 2025
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Summary

Nob1 endoribonuclease processes the 18S ribosomal RNA 3' end. Multiple cellular checkpoints ensure accurate processing, preventing translation errors with incorrect ribosomal RNA.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Cell Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Ribosome biogenesis is crucial for protein synthesis.
  • The endoribonuclease Nob1 is responsible for processing the 3' end of 18S ribosomal RNA.
  • Mechanisms ensuring the accuracy of this processing have been unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the cellular mechanisms that ensure the accuracy of the 18S ribosomal RNA 3' end formation.
  • To identify checkpoints that regulate ribosome maturation and translation initiation.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized genetic and biochemical approaches.
  • Investigated Nob1 function and its interaction with other cellular factors.
  • Analyzed ribosome assembly intermediates and their functional competence.

Main Results:

  • Identified multiple quality control checkpoints in the ribosome biogenesis pathway.
  • Demonstrated that these checkpoints prevent the participation of ribosomes with improperly processed 3' ends in translation.
  • Revealed a novel layer of regulation ensuring translational fidelity.

Conclusions:

  • Cellular accuracy in 18S ribosomal RNA 3' end processing is maintained by a multi-step checkpoint system.
  • These checkpoints are essential for preventing translation errors and maintaining proteome integrity.
  • The findings provide new insights into the regulation of ribosome biogenesis and function.