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Public Health.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

DNA methylation measures of biological aging are linked to cognitive function in older adults. Accelerated aging markers like GrimAge2 and shorter telomere length correlate with lower cognitive test scores.

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Epigenetics
  • Cognitive Neuroscience

Background:

  • Biological aging, assessed via DNA methylation, shows promise as a biomarker for cognitive health.
  • Previous research suggests a link between aging markers and cognitive outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between DNA methylation-based aging measures and cognitive function in adults aged 60 and older.
  • Utilize data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) for a nationally representative analysis.

Main Methods:

  • Combined NHANES data (1999-2002) including DNA methylation and cognitive tests.
  • Developed 13 biological aging measures from genome-wide DNA methylation data.
  • Assessed cognition using the Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST); mild cognitive impairment defined as DSST score below the 25th percentile.
  • Employed weighted linear regression and modified Poisson models, adjusting for covariates and controlling for multiple comparisons using the false discovery rate.

Main Results:

  • 10 of 13 DNA methylation aging measures were significantly associated with DSST scores (adjusted p < 0.05).
  • One year of accelerated aging (GrimAge2) correlated with a -0.41 point decrease in DSST score (p=0.001).
  • A one standard deviation decrease in telomere length was associated with a -2.19 point decrease in DSST score (p=0.001).
  • Stronger associations were noted in male and non-Hispanic White participants.
  • No significant associations were found between DNA methylation measures and mild cognitive impairment after adjustment.

Conclusions:

  • DNA methylation-based measures of biological aging are associated with cognitive performance in older adults.
  • These findings suggest DNA methylation could serve as a valuable biomarker for assessing cognitive status in the elderly population.