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Poor sleep quality and reduced brain volume in older adults mutually impact cognitive function. This bidirectional relationship highlights how gray matter atrophy and fragmented sleep negatively affect memory and executive functions.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Gerontology
  • Sleep Science

Background:

  • Sleep fragmentation and irregularity are linked to cognitive decline in older adults.
  • Cognitive deficits in aging are associated with reduced brain volumes, particularly cortical gray matter and hippocampus.
  • The interplay between sleep, brain structure, and cognition in older adults is not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the bidirectional mediation effects of sleep patterns and brain volume on cognitive performance.
  • To explore how sleep regularity, fragmentation, and brain structure influence cognitive functions in community-dwelling older adults.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized data from the SG70 study, including sleep data from Oura rings and neurocognitive assessments from 800 older adults.
  • Employed partial least squares correlation (PLSC) to identify sleep profiles associated with cognitive performance.
  • Conducted mediation analyses on a subset of 467 participants with MRI data to examine the bidirectional influence of sleep and brain volumes (cortical gray matter, hippocampus) on cognition.

Main Results:

  • A sleep profile characterized by high regularity and low fragmentation was significantly associated with better cognitive performance.
  • Brain volume partially mediated the relationship between sleep and cognition.
  • Sleep partially mediated the relationship between brain volume and cognition, indicating a bidirectional influence.

Conclusions:

  • A bidirectional, though small, mediation effect exists between brain volume and sleep in influencing cognition.
  • Gray matter atrophy and irregular/fragmented sleep interact to negatively impact cognitive function in older adults.