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Summary
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Acculturation may enhance cognitive health in older Asian immigrants, potentially offsetting lower education levels. This suggests considering both factors for cognitive well-being in aging populations.

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Neuroscience
  • Sociology

Background:

  • Acculturation significantly impacts health outcomes in immigrants, including older Asian Americans and Canadians (ASACs).
  • Education is a known cognitive protective factor that may interact with acculturation to influence cognitive health.
  • Understanding this interaction is crucial for addressing cognitive health disparities in aging immigrant communities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the relationship between acculturation and cognitive function in older ASACs.
  • To investigate the interaction effect of acculturation and education on cognitive health in this population.

Main Methods:

  • Cross-sectional study of 622 dementia-free ASAC participants from the Asian Cohort for Alzheimer's Disease (ACAD).
  • Acculturation score derived from nativity and English proficiency, categorized into separation, integration, and assimilation groups.
  • Cognitive function assessed using the Cognitive Abilities Screening Instrument (CASI) and Common Objects Memory Test (COMT).
  • Multivariable linear regressions analyzed associations and interactions between acculturation, education, and cognition.

Main Results:

  • Higher acculturation scores were associated with better performance on the CASI (p=0.042).
  • A significant negative interaction between education and acculturation was observed for both CASI and COMT (p<0.001 and p<0.01, respectively).
  • The positive association of education with cognition was weaker in the integration and assimilation groups compared to the separation group.

Conclusions:

  • Higher acculturation may compensate for the effects of lower education on cognitive function in older ASACs.
  • Both education and acculturation levels should be considered when assessing cognitive health in aging immigrant populations.
  • Further research should explore socioeconomic and contextual factors influencing acculturation, education, and cognitive health.