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Alzheimer's Imaging Consortium.

Nisha Rani1, Abhay Moghekar1, Daniel D Callow1

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Early changes in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers like p-tau181 and t-tau, along with Aβ42/Aβ40 ratios, predict future tau PET deposition in Alzheimer's disease (AD). These findings aid in tracking AD progression using CSF and PET measures.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Biomarker Research
  • Alzheimer's Disease Pathogenesis

Background:

  • Alzheimer's disease (AD) is marked by amyloid-beta and tau accumulation preceding cognitive decline.
  • Understanding early biomarker changes is crucial for timely AD detection and intervention.
  • This study links early cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarker shifts to subsequent tau pathology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between longitudinal CSF AD biomarker changes and tau deposition.
  • To examine if early CSF biomarker alterations predict tau pathology in medial temporal lobe regions (Braak stages I-II).

Main Methods:

  • 121 cognitively unimpaired participants (mean age 57) from the BIOCARD study were analyzed.
  • Tau burden was assessed using 18F-MK6240 PET scans.
  • CSF biomarkers (p-tau181, t-tau, Aβ42/Aβ40) were measured bi-annually over ~12.8 years prior to PET scans, analyzed with linear mixed-effect models.

Main Results:

  • Higher tau PET burden correlated with elevated prior p-tau181 and t-tau levels, and lower Aβ42/Aβ40 ratios.
  • Accelerated increases in p-tau181 and t-tau, and faster decline in Aβ42/Aβ40, were linked to greater tau deposition in Braak stages I-II.
  • These associations remained significant after adjusting for age, sex, education, APOE4, and amyloid positivity.

Conclusions:

  • Tau PET burden in early AD stages is preceded by significant alterations in CSF AD biomarkers.
  • Longitudinal changes in CSF biomarkers provide insights into the early stages of AD.
  • This research enhances understanding of CSF and PET measure relationships for tracking AD progression.