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Public Health.

Angela Chetrit1, Nomi Carlebach1, Galit Hirsh-Yechezkel1

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Childhood low-to-moderate dose ionizing radiation (LMIR) exposure did not increase early-onset dementia (EOD) risk overall. However, irradiation at ages 10-15 years significantly elevated EOD risk later in life.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Radiation Oncology
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • The long-term effects of childhood low-to-moderate dose ionizing radiation (LMIR) on neurocognition and dementia risk remain unclear.
  • Early-onset dementia (EOD) is defined as dementia diagnosed before age 65.
  • The Tinea Capitis Cohort (TCC) in Israel provides a unique population for studying these effects.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between childhood LMIR exposure and the risk of EOD.
  • To explore potential age-dependent effects of LMIR on neurodegenerative outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • The TCC included children (0-15 years) irradiated for scalp infections (1946-1960) and matched controls.
  • Outcome data, including EOD and health covariates, were collected from a national health fund (1998-2016).
  • Cox proportional hazard models, adjusted for competing risks and covariates, were used to analyze the association between LMIR and EOD, stratified by age at irradiation.

Main Results:

  • The cohort comprised 17,824 participants (7,395 irradiated).
  • No overall association was found between LMIR and EOD (adjusted HR: 0.91, 95%CI: 0.62-1.33).
  • A significant association between LMIR and increased EOD risk was observed in individuals irradiated at ages 10-15 years (adjusted HR: 2.40, 95%CI: 1.27-4.55).

Conclusions:

  • Childhood irradiation at ages 10-15 years is associated with an elevated risk of EOD.
  • These findings suggest potential long-term neurodegenerative consequences of LMIR.
  • Further research into mechanisms and prevention strategies for radiation-induced neurodegeneration is warranted.