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Primary care promotes wellness and prevents disease. This care includes health promotion, education, protection (such as immunizations), early disease screening, and environmental considerations. Settings providing this type of healthcare include physician offices, public health clinics, school nursing, and community health nursing.
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Preventive healthcare services keep people healthy via frequent check-ups, screening, and counseling. They primarily aid in disease prevention rather than treating an acute or chronic illness. Preventive treatment also keeps individuals productive and energetic, allowing them to work well into their retirement years. Examples of preventive care services include:
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Principles of Disease Surveillance

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Disease surveillance is the systematic collection, analysis, and interpretation of health data essential to the planning, implementation, and evaluation of public health practice. This process integrates data dissemination to entities responsible for preventing and controlling disease, injury, and disability. Surveillance systems provide crucial information for action, helping public health authorities make informed decisions to manage and prevent outbreaks, ensure public safety, optimize...
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Determining Soil-transmitted Helminth Infection Status and Physical Fitness of School-aged Children
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Public Health.

Carol E Franz1,2, Erik Buchholz1,3, Tyler R Bell1

  • 1University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Modifiable dementia risk factors explained little of Alzheimer's disease biomarker variance but were more influential than APOE or age. Key factors like glucose, BMI, and air pollution offer intervention opportunities.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Gerontology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • The 2024 Lancet Commission identified 14 modifiable dementia risk factors, potentially reducing incidence by 45%.
  • Limited research has simultaneously examined these factors against Alzheimer's disease (AD) biomarkers and mild cognitive impairment (MCI).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the collective impact of 14 modifiable risk factors on AD-related plasma biomarkers and MCI.
  • To compare the influence of these risk factors against age and APOE status.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized data from 936 men in the Vietnam Era Twin Study of Aging (mean age 62).
  • Assessed 14 risk factors including education, lifestyle, and environmental exposures (PM2.5).
  • Measured plasma biomarkers (Aβ42/40, pTau231, NfL, GFAP) and MCI diagnosis at mean age 68, employing Random Forest analysis.

Main Results:

  • Modifiable risk factors explained minimal variance in pTau231 (0%), Aβ42/40 (0%), NfL (7%), and GFAP (8%).
  • The prediction accuracy (AUC) for MCI was 0.62.
  • Fasting glucose, education, and BMI were top predictors for NfL; BMI, education, and PM2.5 for GFAP; and blood pressure, PM2.5, and education for MCI.

Conclusions:

  • Considered together, the 14 risk factors accounted for limited variance in plasma biomarkers and MCI over 6 years.
  • Modifiable factors demonstrated greater influence than APOE or age.
  • Consistent predictors (glucose, BMI, PM2.5, education) underscore the significance of lifestyle and environmental interventions for AD prevention.