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Related Concept Videos

Primary Healthcare Services01:30

Primary Healthcare Services

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Primary care promotes wellness and prevents disease. This care includes health promotion, education, protection (such as immunizations), early disease screening, and environmental considerations. Settings providing this type of healthcare include physician offices, public health clinics, school nursing, and community health nursing.
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Preventive Healthcare Services01:30

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Preventive healthcare services keep people healthy via frequent check-ups, screening, and counseling. They primarily aid in disease prevention rather than treating an acute or chronic illness. Preventive treatment also keeps individuals productive and energetic, allowing them to work well into their retirement years. Examples of preventive care services include:
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Disease surveillance is the systematic collection, analysis, and interpretation of health data essential to the planning, implementation, and evaluation of public health practice. This process integrates data dissemination to entities responsible for preventing and controlling disease, injury, and disability. Surveillance systems provide crucial information for action, helping public health authorities make informed decisions to manage and prevent outbreaks, ensure public safety, optimize...
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Healthcare Agencies II01:17

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There are various healthcare agencies in the United States—some of which are managed by religious institutions and others by different government branches.
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At the different levels of the healthcare system, we see varying methods of healthcare used. These methods include managed care systems, case management, and primary healthcare.
Managed Care System:
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Determining Soil-transmitted Helminth Infection Status and Physical Fitness of School-aged Children
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Public Health.

Clémence Cavaillès1, Mercedes Carnethon2, Kristen L Knutson2

  • 1University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.

Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
|December 23, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Sleep disturbances in early midlife are linked to higher Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk biomarkers 15 years later. Poor sleep quality, daytime sleepiness, and snoring are associated with unfavorable AD biomarker levels, suggesting sleep is a modifiable risk factor.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Sleep Medicine
  • Biomarkers

Background:

  • Growing evidence links sleep disturbances to Alzheimer's disease (AD) in older adults.
  • The relationship between early-life sleep patterns and AD blood biomarkers is less understood.
  • This study investigates the association between sleep in early midlife and AD biomarkers in late midlife.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine how sleep patterns in early midlife relate to Alzheimer's disease (AD) blood biomarkers in late midlife.
  • To identify specific sleep disturbances associated with increased AD risk.
  • To explore the potential of sleep as a modifiable risk factor for AD.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of 1,332 participants from the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study.
  • Assessment of sleep patterns (quality, duration, sleepiness, snoring, insomnia) in early midlife.
  • Measurement of plasma AD biomarkers (Aβ42/40, p-tau217, NfL) in late midlife using advanced assays.
  • Multivariable linear regression to determine associations between sleep patterns and biomarker levels.

Main Results:

  • Poor sleep quality correlated with higher neurofilament light chain (NfL) levels.
  • Daytime sleepiness was associated with lower β-amyloid (Aβ) 42/40 and higher NfL levels.
  • Snoring was linked to lower Aβ42/40 levels, indicating increased AD risk.

Conclusions:

  • Sleep disturbances in early midlife are associated with unfavorable AD biomarker profiles 15 years later.
  • Findings suggest sleep disturbances may be a modifiable risk factor for Alzheimer's disease.
  • Early identification and management of sleep issues could potentially mitigate AD risk.