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Public Health.

Sirena Gutierrez1, Iris Strangmann2, Zachary J Kunicki3

  • 1University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Indigenous older adults in Mexico who speak an indigenous language show worse cognitive function. Lower educational attainment, literacy, and numeracy contribute to these disparities in brain aging.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Public Health
  • Sociolinguistics

Background:

  • Bilingualism typically enhances cognitive function, but Indigenous-Spanish bilingual older adults in Mexico exhibit poorer cognitive performance than monolinguals.
  • Indigenous populations in Mexico face systemic inequities in education, healthcare, and discrimination, potentially impacting cognitive aging.
  • The influence of education, literacy, and numeracy on cognitive disparities among Indigenous adults in Mexico remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between speaking an indigenous language and cognitive function in older Mexican adults.
  • To examine the mediating roles of education, literacy, and numeracy in this relationship.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of 1958 adults aged 55+ from the Mexican Health and Aging Study Ancillary Study on Cognitive Aging (Mex-Cog).
  • Indigeneity defined by self-reported indigenous language use.
  • Linear regression and mediation analyses were used to assess cognitive function factor scores and mediating effects.

Main Results:

  • 11% of participants spoke an indigenous language, reporting lower educational attainment and higher rates of rural residence.
  • Speaking an indigenous language was linked to significantly lower scores in memory, language, executive function, and orientation.
  • Numeracy, literacy, and educational attainment mediated 2%-61% of the total effect of indigenous language use on cognitive function.

Conclusions:

  • Educational attainment, numeracy, and literacy are crucial factors contributing to cognitive inequities in aging Indigenous populations in Mexico.
  • Interventions aimed at improving numeracy and literacy, alongside education, may help reduce cognitive disparities.
  • Further research is necessary to explore other potential factors like mid-life health and racism affecting cognitive outcomes.