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Public Health.

Alvaro de Oliveira Franco1,2, Eduardo R Zimmer2, Raphael Machado Castilhos1,2

  • 1Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Early menopause (EM) is linked to cognitive impairment in Brazilian women. Hormone therapy (HT) may mitigate these risks, suggesting EM is a modifiable factor for cognitive health.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Reproductive Endocrinology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Early menopause (EM) is a potential risk factor for cognitive decline.
  • Its impact is understudied in low- and middle-income countries, where dementia risk factors are prevalent.
  • This study examines EM, hormone therapy (HT), and reproductive lifespan in relation to cognitive function in Brazilian women.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between early menopause and cognitive outcomes in Brazilian women.
  • To explore the influence of hormone therapy and reproductive lifespan on cognitive function.
  • To identify early menopause as a modifiable risk factor for cognitive impairment.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of data from 4,316 postmenopausal women (age ≥50) in the ELSI-Brazil study.
  • Cognitive performance assessed using a global cognitive score (GCS) from five subdomains.
  • Linear and logistic regression models used to analyze GCS and odds of cognitive impairment, controlling for covariates.

Main Results:

  • Early menopause (EM) was independently associated with lower global cognitive scores (GCS).
  • A longer reproductive lifespan (years of menacme) showed a protective effect on cognition.
  • Hormone therapy (HT) interacted with EM, significantly attenuating its negative impact on GCS.

Conclusions:

  • Early menopause is an independent risk factor for cognitive impairment.
  • Hormone therapy may mitigate the cognitive decline associated with early menopause.
  • Addressing early menopause could be a strategy for preventing cognitive impairment in women.