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Related Concept Videos

Primary Healthcare Services01:30

Primary Healthcare Services

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Primary care promotes wellness and prevents disease. This care includes health promotion, education, protection (such as immunizations), early disease screening, and environmental considerations. Settings providing this type of healthcare include physician offices, public health clinics, school nursing, and community health nursing.
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Health promotion allows a person to control the determinants of health, resulting in an improved health status. It enhances the quality of life and reduces premature deaths. Health promotion and illness prevention programs help people make beneficial choices to reduce the risk of disease and disabilities. There are three health promotion and illness prevention levels: primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention.
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Preventive Healthcare Services01:30

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Preventive healthcare services keep people healthy via frequent check-ups, screening, and counseling. They primarily aid in disease prevention rather than treating an acute or chronic illness. Preventive treatment also keeps individuals productive and energetic, allowing them to work well into their retirement years. Examples of preventive care services include:
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Principles of Disease Surveillance01:26

Principles of Disease Surveillance

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Disease surveillance is the systematic collection, analysis, and interpretation of health data essential to the planning, implementation, and evaluation of public health practice. This process integrates data dissemination to entities responsible for preventing and controlling disease, injury, and disability. Surveillance systems provide crucial information for action, helping public health authorities make informed decisions to manage and prevent outbreaks, ensure public safety, optimize...
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Healthcare Agencies II01:17

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There are various healthcare agencies in the United States—some of which are managed by religious institutions and others by different government branches.
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At the different levels of the healthcare system, we see varying methods of healthcare used. These methods include managed care systems, case management, and primary healthcare.
Managed Care System:
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Determining Soil-transmitted Helminth Infection Status and Physical Fitness of School-aged Children
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Public Health.

Hetong Ma1, Xin Gao2, Haoran Chen1

  • 1Institute of Medical Information/Library, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, Beijing, China.

Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
|December 23, 2025
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Prolonged sleep (≥9 hours) in older Chinese adults is linked to increased cognitive impairment risk. Monitoring sleep duration is crucial for dementia risk assessment and potential intervention strategies.

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Sleep Medicine
  • Cognitive Neuroscience

Background:

  • Bidirectional relationship between sleep and cognitive health is increasingly recognized.
  • Previous studies suggest associations between abnormal sleep patterns and neurodegeneration, but findings are inconclusive.
  • This study investigates nocturnal sleep phenotypes and cognitive trajectories in Chinese older adults, accounting for educational disparities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the impact of different nocturnal sleep durations on cognitive function in Chinese elderly.
  • To identify specific sleep phenotypes associated with cognitive impairment in this population.
  • To inform dementia risk stratification and potential interventions.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective cohort study of 3,428 Chinese adults aged ≥65 years across six provinces.
  • Cognitive function assessed using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) with education-stratified cutoffs.
  • Nocturnal sleep duration categorized as short (<7 hr), normative (7-9 hr), or prolonged (≥9 hr); multivariable logistic regression used.

Main Results:

  • 26.7% of older adults exhibited cognitive impairment at baseline.
  • Normative sleepers (7-9 hr/night) showed significantly lower odds of cognitive impairment compared to prolonged sleepers (≥9 hr/night).
  • Prolonged sleep duration emerged as a significant correlate of cognitive impairment.

Conclusions:

  • Prolonged nocturnal sleep (≥9 hours) is an independent risk marker for cognitive decline in Chinese elderly.
  • Sleep pattern monitoring should be integrated into dementia risk stratification.
  • Further research is needed to explore if optimizing sleep duration can modify cognitive trajectories.