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Updated: Jan 8, 2026
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Determining Soil-transmitted Helminth Infection Status and Physical Fitness of School-aged Children
Published on: August 22, 2012
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Public Health
Ibshar Khandakar1, Kai Zhang1, Leigh A Johnson1
1University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA.
Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
|December 23, 2025
Summary
Social determinants of health impact cognitive impairment differently across racial groups. Income is a key factor for all, but other social determinants like education and depression scores vary in importance for African Americans, Mexican Americans, and non-Hispanic Whites.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Public Health
- Health Disparities
Background:
- Social determinants of health (SDoH) are linked to Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD).
- Most research focuses on European ancestry, necessitating studies in underrepresented populations.
- This study investigates SDoH in African American (AA), Mexican American (MA), and non-Hispanic White (NHW) populations.
Purpose of the Study:
- To examine the impact of SDoH on cognitive impairment across diverse racial/ethnic groups.
- To identify race/ethnicity-specific risk factors for cognitive decline.
- To inform targeted public health interventions for ADRD prevention.
Main Methods:
- Observational, population-based study of 3,229 participants from the HABS-HD cohort.
- Utilized machine learning (eXtreme Gradient Boosting, random forests) to assess 37 SDoH and risk factors.
- Employed Shapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) for variable importance and stratified analyses by race/ethnicity.
Main Results:
- Income was a top risk factor for all groups.
- For AA: education, worry (PSWQ), and area deprivation index were significant.
- For MA: depression (GDS), worry (PSWQ), and years in US were key.
- For NHW: depression (GDS) and self-reported health were most important.
Conclusions:
- SDoH have varying importance for cognitive impairment across ethnic communities.
- Identified high-risk communities based on specific SDoH factors.
- Supports tailored, ethno-racially specific interventions combining public health and disease management for ADRD prevention.
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