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Disease surveillance is the systematic collection, analysis, and interpretation of health data essential to the planning, implementation, and evaluation of public health practice. This process integrates data dissemination to entities responsible for preventing and controlling disease, injury, and disability. Surveillance systems provide crucial information for action, helping public health authorities make informed decisions to manage and prevent outbreaks, ensure public safety, optimize...
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Public Health.

Pablo Aguilar1,2,3, Carmen M Colceriu2, Alex López2

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Neighborhood deprivation is linked to cognitive decline in some Alzheimer's disease research cohorts, but findings vary. Socioeconomic factors and sample characteristics influence these associations, highlighting the need for tailored approaches in Alzheimer's research.

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology and Alzheimer's Disease Research
  • Social Determinants of Health
  • Neuroscience and Biomarkers

Background:

  • Associations between modifiable risk factors and Alzheimer's disease (AD) biomarkers can differ across research cohorts.
  • The Area Deprivation Index (ADI), an indicator of socioeconomic disadvantage, is being investigated for its impact on cognition and AD biomarkers.
  • This study evaluates the consistency of ADI associations across U.S. (U.S. POINTER Imaging, ADNI) and Spanish (UBRAIN) cohorts.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the generalizability of the relationship between area deprivation and cognitive function and AD biomarkers.
  • To compare findings across three distinct international research cohorts.
  • To understand how socioeconomic factors may influence AD pathophysiology and disparities.

Main Methods:

  • Included 3091 participants without dementia from U.S. POINTER Imaging (n=1879), ADNI (n=282), and UBRAIN (n=930).
  • Area Deprivation Index (ADI) categorized neighborhood deprivation as Low, Moderate, and High (US) or Low and High (Spain).
  • Outcomes included preclinical Alzheimer's cognitive composite (PACC-5), gray matter volumes, and amyloid status; logistic regression models were used, adjusting for age, sex, APOE4, education, and race/ethnicity where applicable.

Main Results:

  • Higher ADI was associated with lower PACC-5 in U.S. POINTER and UBRAIN, but not ADNI, even after controlling for education.
  • A trend of higher ADI with lower gray matter volume was observed in U.S. POINTER but not in ADNI or UBRAIN.
  • No significant associations were found between ADI and amyloid status across any cohort.

Conclusions:

  • Associations between neighborhood deprivation and cognition varied significantly across U.S. cohorts and between U.S. and Spanish cohorts.
  • Country-specific factors and sample representativeness are crucial considerations.
  • Further research is needed to understand the complex interplay of social determinants and disparities in AD.