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Related Concept Videos

Primary Healthcare Services01:30

Primary Healthcare Services

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Primary care promotes wellness and prevents disease. This care includes health promotion, education, protection (such as immunizations), early disease screening, and environmental considerations. Settings providing this type of healthcare include physician offices, public health clinics, school nursing, and community health nursing.
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Health promotion allows a person to control the determinants of health, resulting in an improved health status. It enhances the quality of life and reduces premature deaths. Health promotion and illness prevention programs help people make beneficial choices to reduce the risk of disease and disabilities. There are three health promotion and illness prevention levels: primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention.
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Preventive Healthcare Services01:30

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Preventive healthcare services keep people healthy via frequent check-ups, screening, and counseling. They primarily aid in disease prevention rather than treating an acute or chronic illness. Preventive treatment also keeps individuals productive and energetic, allowing them to work well into their retirement years. Examples of preventive care services include:
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Disease surveillance is the systematic collection, analysis, and interpretation of health data essential to the planning, implementation, and evaluation of public health practice. This process integrates data dissemination to entities responsible for preventing and controlling disease, injury, and disability. Surveillance systems provide crucial information for action, helping public health authorities make informed decisions to manage and prevent outbreaks, ensure public safety, optimize...
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There are various healthcare agencies in the United States—some of which are managed by religious institutions and others by different government branches.
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Methods Of Healthcare Delivery System01:26

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At the different levels of the healthcare system, we see varying methods of healthcare used. These methods include managed care systems, case management, and primary healthcare.
Managed Care System:
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Determining Soil-transmitted Helminth Infection Status and Physical Fitness of School-aged Children
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Public Health.

Jeremy G Grant1, Beniam Daniel Darge1, Lauren Hilderbrand1

  • 1The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.

Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
|December 23, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Neighborhood disadvantage negatively impacts cardiometabolic and cognitive health in Black men. This study highlights neighborhood disadvantage as a key social determinant affecting receptive vocabulary and overall health in this population.

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Neuroscience
  • Cardiology

Background:

  • Black Americans face disproportionately higher rates of dementia and underrepresentation in Alzheimer's research.
  • Black men experience the shortest life expectancy in the U.S., with cardiometabolic disease as a leading cause of death.
  • Culturally-informed interventions are crucial for addressing modifiable dementia risk factors in Black men.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the impact of neighborhood disadvantage on cardiometabolic health and cognitive function in Black men.
  • To evaluate the effectiveness of the "Black Impact" wellness program in promoting cardiometabolic health.
  • To explore the relationship between neighborhood disadvantage, cardiometabolic health indicators, and cognitive performance.

Main Methods:

  • 88 Black men enrolled in the "Black Impact" program, a 24-week wellness intervention.
  • Assessment of cardiometabolic health using Life's Essential 8 scores and arterial stiffness (pulse wave velocity).
  • Cognitive function evaluated using NIH Toolbox measures, including receptive vocabulary and cognitive flexibility. Neighborhood disadvantage assessed via the Area Deprivation Index.

Main Results:

  • Higher neighborhood disadvantage correlated with lower Life's Essential 8 scores and reduced receptive vocabulary.
  • Increased arterial stiffness was linked to poorer Life's Essential 8 scores and diminished cognitive flexibility.
  • Neighborhood disadvantage independently predicted receptive vocabulary, even after accounting for age, education, cardiometabolic health, and arterial stiffness.

Conclusions:

  • Neighborhood disadvantage is a significant social determinant influencing cardiometabolic and cognitive health among Black men.
  • Findings underscore the need to consider social determinants in dementia prevention strategies for Black men.
  • The "Black Impact" program provides a framework for culturally-informed interventions targeting health disparities in this population.