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Related Concept Videos

Primary Healthcare Services01:30

Primary Healthcare Services

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Primary care promotes wellness and prevents disease. This care includes health promotion, education, protection (such as immunizations), early disease screening, and environmental considerations. Settings providing this type of healthcare include physician offices, public health clinics, school nursing, and community health nursing.
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Health promotion allows a person to control the determinants of health, resulting in an improved health status. It enhances the quality of life and reduces premature deaths. Health promotion and illness prevention programs help people make beneficial choices to reduce the risk of disease and disabilities. There are three health promotion and illness prevention levels: primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention.
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Preventive healthcare services keep people healthy via frequent check-ups, screening, and counseling. They primarily aid in disease prevention rather than treating an acute or chronic illness. Preventive treatment also keeps individuals productive and energetic, allowing them to work well into their retirement years. Examples of preventive care services include:
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Disease surveillance is the systematic collection, analysis, and interpretation of health data essential to the planning, implementation, and evaluation of public health practice. This process integrates data dissemination to entities responsible for preventing and controlling disease, injury, and disability. Surveillance systems provide crucial information for action, helping public health authorities make informed decisions to manage and prevent outbreaks, ensure public safety, optimize...
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At the different levels of the healthcare system, we see varying methods of healthcare used. These methods include managed care systems, case management, and primary healthcare.
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Determining Soil-transmitted Helminth Infection Status and Physical Fitness of School-aged Children
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Public Health.

Claire V Burley1, Hamid R Sohrabi2,3, Jennifer Dunne4

  • 1Dementia Centre of Excellence, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.

Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
|December 23, 2025
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Dementia risk reduction strategies must be tailored to Western Pacific Region (WPR) countries. Addressing education in low-middle income nations and physical inactivity in high-income nations, alongside smoking and hearing loss across the WPR, can significantly lower dementia prevalence.

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Epidemiology
  • Gerontology

Background:

  • The Western Pacific Region (WPR) faces a high and rising dementia prevalence, projected to be the highest globally by 2050.
  • modifiable risk factors offer a significant opportunity for prevention, accounting for 45% of global cases.
  • Region-specific strategies are crucial due to the WPR's diverse socioeconomic and cultural landscape.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To calculate the population attributable risk (PAR) for key dementia risk factors in 19 WPR countries.
  • To identify country-specific and income-group-specific modifiable risk factors for dementia prevention.
  • To inform targeted public health interventions for dementia risk reduction in the WPR.

Main Methods:

  • Population attributable risk (PAR) was calculated for nine modifiable dementia risk factors.
  • Data utilized relative risk values from the 2024 Lancet Commission and WPR-specific prevalence data.
  • Mean PAR values were analyzed across high-income, upper-middle income, and low-middle income WPR countries.

Main Results:

  • Significant variation in PAR values was observed across WPR countries, with education and obesity showing the largest differences.
  • In low-middle income countries, education represented the highest mean PAR (9.75%).
  • Diabetes and physical inactivity were the leading risk factors in middle-high (9.21%) and high-income (6.42%) countries, respectively. Smoking and hearing loss were significant across all income levels.

Conclusions:

  • Urgent implementation of country-specific, population-level strategies is necessary for effective dementia risk reduction.
  • Interventions should focus on education access for low-middle income countries, diabetes for middle-high income countries, and physical inactivity for high-income countries.
  • Targeting smoking and hearing loss offers broad benefits across the entire WPR, necessitating strategic partnerships for resource allocation.