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Older females show a disconnect between blood pressure regulation and brain blood flow, unlike younger individuals and older males. This may increase cognitive decline risk in aging women.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cardiovascular Physiology
  • Gerontology

Background:

  • Blood pressure (BP) dysregulation impacts brain circulation and Alzheimer's disease risk.
  • Biological sex and aging influence BP regulation and cerebral blood flow (CBF).
  • Females exhibit greater age-related CBF decline and autonomic BP changes, potentially increasing Alzheimer's risk.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of aging and biological sex on the relationship between autonomic BP fluctuations and CBF.
  • To test the hypothesis that older females have impaired sympathetic BP regulation and CBF compared to older males and younger individuals.

Main Methods:

  • Recruited healthy young (18-35) and older (55-69) males and females.
  • Measured middle cerebral artery velocity (MCAv) for CBF, mean arterial pressure (MAP) for BP, and sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) using microneurography.
  • Analyzed beat-by-beat fluctuations in BP and MCAv following SNA bursts.

Main Results:

  • BP responses to SNA bursts were reduced in older adults but similar between sexes.
  • CBF (MCAv) responses to SNA bursts were reduced in older adults and lower in females compared to males.
  • BP and CBF responses were correlated in young adults and older males, but not in older females.

Conclusions:

  • Older females exhibit a disconnect between sympathetic BP regulation and CBF fluctuations.
  • This disconnect is not observed in young adults or older males.
  • This mechanism may contribute to the heightened risk of cognitive impairment in aging females.