Effect of NiTi Cutting Efficiency on Generating Intra-Canal Splitting Forces During Root Canal Treatment: An In Vitro...

Area of Science:

• Endodontics
• Dental Materials Science
• Biomechanical Engineering

Background:

• Root canal preparation involves intracanal forces that can lead to root fracture.
• Nickel-titanium (NiTi) rotary and reciprocating file systems differ in kinematics, geometry, and design, potentially influencing generated forces.

Purpose of the Study:

• To compare the intracanal splitting forces (ICSF) and lateral cutting efficiency of WaveOne-Gold (WOG) reciprocating files and Pro-Taper GOLD (PTG) rotary files during simulated root canal preparation.

Main Methods:

• Forty-eight bovine teeth were used. Two NiTi file systems (WOG and PTG) were tested for ICSF and dentin cutting efficiency on a custom platform.
• Sample size was determined by power analysis (G*Power 3.1.9.7). Data analysis included Kolmogorov-Smirnov and one-way ANOVA tests.

Main Results:

• The PTG (S1) file generated significantly higher ICSF compared to other PTG and WOG files.
• PTG (F2) exhibited significantly greater cutting efficiency than WOG's primary file.
• No significant correlation was found between ICSF and cutting efficiency.

Conclusions:

• WOG single reciprocating file produced significantly lower ICSF and less aggressive dentin cutting compared to PTG multi-sequence rotary files.
• File design, kinematics, and operational parameters may influence ICSF generation during root canal preparation.