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Related Concept Videos

Drug Delivery: Miscellaneous Routes01:22

Drug Delivery: Miscellaneous Routes

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Drug delivery methods like oral inhalation, nasal sprays, transdermal patches, eye drops, intravitreal injection,  and rectal administration provide localized effects with reduced toxicity.
Oral inhalation and nasal sprays swiftly transfer drugs across the respiratory epithelium's mucosal layer. Inhaled glucocorticoids and bronchodilators directly target lung conditions such as asthma, while fluticasone nasal spray mitigates allergic rhinitis.
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Drug Delivery: Overview01:16

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The selection of a drug's delivery route depends upon its physicochemical properties, including lipid or water solubility and ionization, as well as the therapeutic requirement, such as immediate or sustained effect. These routes can be divided into three primary categories: enteral, parenteral, and topical.
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The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
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The enteral drug administration involves three primary routes: oral, sublingual, and buccal. Oral ingestion is the most prevalent, safe, economical, and convenient method for drug administration. However, it has certain drawbacks, including limited absorption due to the drug's low water solubility or poor membrane permeability, possible emesis from GI mucosa irritation, destruction of drugs by digestive enzymes or low gastric pH, and irregular absorption along with food or other drugs.
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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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Preparation and Characterization of Lipophilic Doxorubicin Pro-drug Micelles
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Local Drug Delivery Systems for Cancer Therapy.

Zilong Jiang1,2, Jiawei Zhang1, Wei Cao3

  • 1Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province 230022, China.

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
|December 23, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Local drug delivery systems (LDDSs) offer targeted cancer therapy with reduced side effects. These implantable systems provide sustained drug release directly at the tumor site, improving treatment efficacy and patient outcomes.

Keywords:
CDTLDDSPTTcancer therapyhydrogelscaffold

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Conventional anticancer drug delivery lacks tumor targeting, causing toxicity in healthy tissues.
  • Tumor barriers and rapid drug clearance hinder effective drug concentrations within tumors.
  • An urgent need exists for precise, low-toxicity oncology drug delivery methods.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review local drug delivery systems (LDDSs) for cancer therapy.
  • To discuss the therapeutic mechanisms of various LDDSs.
  • To explore future development directions for LDDSs.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on local drug delivery systems (LDDSs).
  • Analysis of LDDS characteristics, including deformability, adhesiveness, and responsiveness.
  • Examination of therapeutic mechanisms and applications in synergistic tumor therapy.

Main Results:

  • LDDSs are fixed-domain tumor therapeutic systems with high drug-loading capacity.
  • Implantation via minimally invasive surgery enables sustained, controlled, and efficient drug release.
  • LDDS properties facilitate synergistic tumor therapy for complex scenarios.

Conclusions:

  • LDDSs represent a promising approach for targeted cancer treatment with improved efficacy and safety.
  • Further development of LDDSs can enhance their capabilities for complex oncological challenges.
  • This review provides insights into the current landscape and future potential of LDDSs in oncology.