Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

B Cell Activation and Differentiation01:24

B Cell Activation and Differentiation

15.8K
The adaptive immune response, a sophisticated defense mechanism, relies on the activation and differentiation of B lymphocytes, or B cells. These processes enable our bodies to mount a tailored response against specific pathogens such as bacteria, free virus particles, toxins, and parasites.
When naive B cells encounter a specific antigen that can bind to the B cell receptor (BCR) on their surface, they undergo sensitization to respond to the antigen's presence. Sensitization begins with...
15.8K
The JAK-STAT Signaling Pathway01:20

The JAK-STAT Signaling Pathway

11.8K
Several cytokine receptors have tightly bound Janus kinase or JAK proteins attached at their cytosolic tail. Small signaling molecules such as cytokines, growth hormones, or prolactins bind to the cytokine receptors and initiate their dimerization. The dimerization brings the cytosolic JAKs together that trans-phosphorylate and activates each other. The activated JAKs now phosphorylate cytosolic tails of the cytokine receptors, which serve as binding sites for adaptor proteins such as  SH2...
11.8K
PI3K/mTOR/AKT Signaling Pathway01:22

PI3K/mTOR/AKT Signaling Pathway

5.2K
The mammalian target of rapamycin  (mTOR) is a serine/threonine kinase that regulates growth, proliferation, and cell survival in response to hormones, growth factors, or nutrient availability. This kinase exists in two structurally and functionally distinct forms: mTOR complex 1  (mTORC1) and mTOR complex 2  (mTORC2). The first form (mTORC1) is composed of a rapamycin-sensitive Raptor and proline-rich Akt substrate, PRAS40. In contrast,  mTORC2 consists of a...
5.2K
The Intrinsic Apoptotic Pathway01:31

The Intrinsic Apoptotic Pathway

8.2K
Internal cellular stress, such as cellular injury or hypoxia, triggers intrinsic apoptosis. The B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) family of proteins are the primary regulators of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway. For example, during DNA damage, checkpoint proteins, such as Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated (ATM protein) and Checkpoints Factor-2 (Chk2) proteins, are activated. These proteins phosphorylate p53 which further activates pro-apoptotic proteins, such as Bax, Bak, PUMA, and Noxa, and inhibits...
8.2K
mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression03:03

mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression

4.6K
The mammalian target of rapamycin or mTOR protein was discovered in 1994 due to its direct interaction with rapamycin. The protein gets its name from a yeast homolog called TOR. The mTOR protein complex in mammalian cells plays a major role in balancing anabolic processes such as the synthesis of proteins, lipids, and nucleotides and catabolic processes, such as autophagy in response to environmental cues, such as availability of nutrients and growth factors.
The mTOR pathway or the...
4.6K
Abnormal Proliferation02:23

Abnormal Proliferation

5.0K
Under normal conditions, most adult cells remain in a non-proliferative state unless stimulated by internal or external factors to replace lost cells. Abnormal cell proliferation is a condition in which the cell's growth exceeds and is uncoordinated with normal cells. In such situations, cell division persists in the same excessive manner even after cessation of the stimuli, leading to persistent tumors. The tumor arises from the damaged cells that replicate to pass the damage to the...
5.0K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Occlusion-Aware Trajectory Discontinuity Correction for Roadside LiDAR Using Time-Space Analysis.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same author

How Forming a Department-Specific Employee Safety Team Impacted Mitigating Risk and Improving the Safety Culture in an Animal Resources Core Facility.

Applied biosafety : journal of the American Biological Safety Association·2026
Same author

TaERF109: A Novel ERF Transcription Factor Contributing to Enhanced Resistance to <i>Puccinia graminis</i> f. sp. <i>tritici</i> Infection in Wheat.

Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same author

Unveiling the regulation of biochar and ferrihydrite on organic carbon stabilization, CH<sub>4</sub> emission and microbial community in paddy soil.

Journal of environmental sciences (China)·2026
Same author

Integrated Single-Cell Whole-Genome Sequencing and Spatial Transcriptomics Reveal Intratumoral Heterogeneity in Ovarian Cancer.

Cancer research communications·2026
Same author

Characterizing household air pollutant concentrations associated with an electrification program in the rural San Joaquin Valley.

Environmental research, health : ERH·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 8, 2026

Genome-wide Analysis of HDAC Inhibitor-mediated Modulation of microRNAs and mRNAs in B Cells Induced to Undergo Class-switch DNA Recombination and Plasma Cell Differentiation
11:06

Genome-wide Analysis of HDAC Inhibitor-mediated Modulation of microRNAs and mRNAs in B Cells Induced to Undergo Class-switch DNA Recombination and Plasma Cell Differentiation

Published on: September 20, 2017

6.5K

AIM2 positively regulates B cell activation and function through the SNX9-PI3K-WASP axis.

Yanmei Huang1, Pengyue Gao2, Li Luo1

  • 1Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College and State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.

Cell Death and Differentiation
|December 24, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

AIM2, an inflammasome sensor, plays a novel role in B cell function, regulating B cell receptor signaling and antibody production. Its dysregulation contributes to autoimmune diseases like Kawasaki disease.

More Related Videos

In Vitro Differentiation Model of Human Normal Memory B Cells to Long-lived Plasma Cells
10:26

In Vitro Differentiation Model of Human Normal Memory B Cells to Long-lived Plasma Cells

Published on: January 20, 2019

13.0K
Myeloid Innate Signaling Pathway Regulation by MALT1 Paracaspase Activity
07:09

Myeloid Innate Signaling Pathway Regulation by MALT1 Paracaspase Activity

Published on: January 7, 2019

7.9K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 8, 2026

Genome-wide Analysis of HDAC Inhibitor-mediated Modulation of microRNAs and mRNAs in B Cells Induced to Undergo Class-switch DNA Recombination and Plasma Cell Differentiation
11:06

Genome-wide Analysis of HDAC Inhibitor-mediated Modulation of microRNAs and mRNAs in B Cells Induced to Undergo Class-switch DNA Recombination and Plasma Cell Differentiation

Published on: September 20, 2017

6.5K
In Vitro Differentiation Model of Human Normal Memory B Cells to Long-lived Plasma Cells
10:26

In Vitro Differentiation Model of Human Normal Memory B Cells to Long-lived Plasma Cells

Published on: January 20, 2019

13.0K
Myeloid Innate Signaling Pathway Regulation by MALT1 Paracaspase Activity
07:09

Myeloid Innate Signaling Pathway Regulation by MALT1 Paracaspase Activity

Published on: January 7, 2019

7.9K

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • AIM2 inflammasome sensor is known for pyroptosis in macrophages.
  • Its role in adaptive immunity, especially B cells, is largely uncharacterized.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the function of AIM2 in B cells and its role in adaptive immunity.
  • To elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying AIM2's regulation of B cell receptor signaling.

Main Methods:

  • AIM2 knockout mice models.
  • B cell activation assays.
  • Immunoprecipitation-mass spectrometry (IP-MS).
  • Analysis of signaling pathways (PI3K-AKT, BTK-NFκB).

Main Results:

  • AIM2 deficiency reduced B cell subsets and impaired IgG3 switching.
  • AIM2 positively regulates PI3K-AKT and negatively regulates BTK-NFκB signaling.
  • SNX9 is identified as a key mediator in AIM2-dependent BCR signaling and endocytosis.
  • AIM2 knockout mice showed reduced BCR signaling, calcium signaling, and antibody production.
  • AIM2 is overexpressed in B cells of Kawasaki disease patients.

Conclusions:

  • AIM2 has a novel positive regulatory role in B cell receptor activation, endocytosis, and humoral response.
  • AIM2-associated signaling pathways are critical for B cell function.
  • AIM2 dysregulation contributes to autoimmune diseases.