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Validating the Effectiveness of a VR-based and Haptic Technology-based Operating Room Simulation Program Among

Hyeon-Young Kim¹

¹Virtual Reality Healthcare Contents Laboratory, College of Nursing, Sahmyook University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.

Computers, Informatics, Nursing : CIN

|December 24, 2025

Summary

Virtual reality (VR) and haptic technology simulation significantly boosted nursing students' confidence and learning experience in operating room education. While knowledge acquisition showed no significant difference, the immersive approach enhanced satisfaction and engagement.

Keywords:

haptic technology nursing education operating room nursing simulation training virtual reality

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Area of Science:

Medical Education Technology
Virtual Reality in Healthcare
Nursing Simulation

Background:

Hands-on operating room experience for nursing students faces significant safety, ethical, and logistical barriers.
Traditional perioperative nursing education methods struggle to provide sufficient practical exposure.
Immersive simulation technologies offer a potential solution to bridge the gap in practical training.

Purpose of the Study:

To validate the effectiveness of a virtual reality (VR) and haptic technology-based simulation program for operating room nursing education.
To compare the outcomes of VR/haptic simulation with traditional online education for perioperative nursing.
To assess the impact of immersive simulation on nursing students' knowledge, confidence, presence, flow, and satisfaction.

Main Methods:

A nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design was employed with 78 undergraduate nursing students.
The experimental group utilized VR headsets and haptic gloves for hands-on perioperative task simulation.
The control group received standard online-based perioperative nursing education.

Main Results:

The VR/haptic simulation group demonstrated significant improvements in confidence, learning presence, learning flow, and learning satisfaction compared to the control group.
No significant difference in knowledge acquisition was found between the experimental and control groups.
Haptic-enhanced VR simulation effectively fostered immersive and experiential learning.

Conclusions:

Integrating haptic-enhanced VR simulation into nursing curricula can effectively improve key educational outcomes beyond knowledge acquisition.
The study highlights the potential of immersive simulation to enhance nursing students' confidence and engagement in operating room education.
Further research is recommended to refine feedback mechanisms and explore alternative methods for evaluating knowledge gain in simulation-based learning.