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Chitosan-Based Nanoparticles and Biomaterials for Pulp Capping and Regeneration: A Systematic Review with
Saleh Ali Alqahtani1, Mohammad Alamri1, Ghadeer Alwadai1
1Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia.
Biomimetics (Basel, Switzerland)
|December 24, 2025
Summary
Chitosan biomaterials show promise for dental pulp regeneration, enhancing cell viability and mineralization compared to traditional materials. Further research is needed to confirm their effectiveness in clinical applications.
Area of Science:
- Biomaterials Science
- Regenerative Dentistry
- Nanotechnology
Background:
- Preserving dental pulp vitality is crucial in minimally invasive dentistry.
- Conventional materials like calcium hydroxide and mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) have limitations in bioactivity and mechanical strength.
Purpose of the Study:
- To systematically review the biological efficacy of chitosan-based nanoparticles and biomaterials for pulp capping and regeneration.
- To compare chitosan-based materials with conventional dental materials.
Main Methods:
- Systematic review following PRISMA 2020 guidelines, searching five databases up to April 2025.
- Inclusion of controlled in vitro and animal studies on chitosan-based nanoparticles, hydrogels, or scaffolds.
- Risk of bias assessment (SYRCLE, ToxRTool) and certainty of evidence rating (GRADE-Preclinical).
Main Results:
- Sixteen studies consistently showed enhanced cell viability, mineralization, and upregulation of key odontogenic and angiogenic markers with chitosan-based materials.
- Animal models demonstrated improved angiogenesis, reparative dentin formation, and pulp vitality preservation.
- Biological outcomes were uniformly positive compared to MTA or calcium hydroxide.
Conclusions:
- Chitosan-based biomaterials exhibit significant regenerative potential for dental pulp capping and regeneration.
- Despite promising biological results, low to very low certainty of evidence necessitates further high-quality preclinical and clinical studies.
- Well-designed translational studies are warranted to validate the clinical efficacy of these advanced biomaterials.
