High-Throughput 3D Bioprinted Organoids of Skin Cancer Utilized for Diagnosis and Personalized Therapy

Recent advancements in three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting have revolutionized the modeling of skin cancer, enabling the fabrication of high-throughput, patient-specific organoids that recapitulate the structural, functional, and microenvironmental complexity of native tumors. This review focuses on the integration of cutting-edge bioprinting technologies with bioengineered extracellular matrices and patient-derived cells to generate physiologically relevant skin cancer models for diagnostic and personalized medicine applications. Key technological innovations, including novel bioinks, multi-material printing strategies, and biomimetic approaches, are discussed for their ability to replicate tumor-stroma interactions, vascularization, and immune microenvironments. The utility of bioprinted organoids in high-throughput drug screening, mutation-targeted therapy design, and biomarker discovery is critically evaluated. Additionally, we address current challenges in standardization, reproducibility, and clinical translation, highlighting regulatory and quality-control considerations. Collectively, this review emphasizes the transformative potential of 3D bioprinted skin cancer organoids as platforms for precision oncology, bridging bioengineering advances with translational research to accelerate therapeutic development and personalized treatment strategies.