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Dried Blood Spot Collection of Health Biomarkers to Maximize Participation in Population Studies
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Biomarkers.

Hossein Moein Taghavi1, Mahta Karimpoor1, Eric van Staalduinen1

  • 1Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.

Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
|December 24, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Early Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease changes occur in the olfactory cortex. Amyloid and tau pathology in the piriform cortex correlate with disease severity, distinct from the hippocampus.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroimaging
  • Neuropathology
  • Olfactory System

Background:

  • The piriform cortex, an olfactory region, may show early Alzheimer's (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD) pathology.
  • Amyloid-tau overlap is prominent in the medial temporal lobe, but its association within the piriform cortex is not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantify simultaneous amyloid and tau uptake in the piriform cortex and other medial temporal structures.
  • To compare these pathologies across AD, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), healthy controls (HC), and PD cohorts.

Main Methods:

  • Dual PET-MR imaging was used with amyloid (18F-Florbetaben) and tau (18F-PI-2620) tracers.
  • Automated and manual segmentation of the piriform cortex, entorhinal-perirhinal cortices, amygdala, and hippocampus was performed.
  • Cross-sectional data from 47 participants (AD, MCI, HC, PD) were analyzed.

Main Results:

  • Global and regional amyloid uptake (piriform cortex, entorhinal-perirhinal, amygdala) increased with disease severity, but not in the hippocampus.
  • Amyloid burden was higher in amyloid-positive HC compared to amyloid-negative HC in these regions.
  • Amyloid positively correlated with tau uptake in the entorhinal-perirhinal cortex, piriform cortex, and amygdala, but not the hippocampus.

Conclusions:

  • Early increases in amyloid-PET are observed in the primary olfactory cortex (piriform cortex).
  • Amyloid accumulation in the piriform cortex strongly correlates with tau uptake, similar to the entorhinal cortex and amygdala.
  • These findings highlight the piriform cortex's distinct pathological profile compared to the hippocampus in neurodegenerative diseases.