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Can Recreational Soccer Improve Physical Literacy Dimensions Among Adolescents with High Cardiometabolic Risk?
Gustavo Pavez-Adasme1,2,3, Juan Párraga-Montilla2, Cristián Martínez-Salazar4
1Centro Regional de Estudios Avanzados en Estilos de Vida Activos y Saludable (CREA-EVAS), Universidad Adventista de Chile, Chillán 3780000, Chile.
Sports (Basel, Switzerland)
|December 24, 2025
Summary
Recreational soccer, in small-sided (SSG) or traditional (TSG) formats, did not significantly improve physical literacy in at-risk adolescents. Higher adherence, particularly in SSG, showed some positive trends in physical and psychological aspects.
Area of Science:
- Sports Science and Exercise Physiology
- Adolescent Health
- Physical Literacy
Background:
- Adolescents with high cardiometabolic risk require interventions to improve physical literacy.
- Recreational soccer offers potential for physical activity engagement.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the impact of small-sided soccer games (SSG) and traditional soccer games (TSG) on physical literacy in adolescents with high cardiometabolic risk.
- To analyze improvements across physical, psychological, and cognitive dimensions of physical literacy.
Main Methods:
- Randomized controlled trial involving 51 male adolescents (11-15 years) with high cardiometabolic risk.
- Comparison of SSG, TSG, and a control group.
- Physical literacy assessed using a three-dimensional model (physical, psychological, cognitive); data analyzed with z-scores, effect sizes, and ANCOVA.
Main Results:
- Overall effect on physical literacy was small (ES: 0.31).
- SSG group demonstrated better outcomes in physical and psychological dimensions.
- Per-protocol analysis revealed small effects in high-adherence groups, with SSG showing a tendency for greater improvements.
Conclusions:
- Recreational soccer (SSG or TSG) was insufficient for significant physical literacy gains in this population.
- Higher adherence correlated with better outcomes, especially in the physical and psychological domains with SSG.
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