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Related Concept Videos

Single-Strand DNA Binding Proteins01:03

Single-Strand DNA Binding Proteins

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For successful DNA replication, the unwinding of double-stranded DNA must be accompanied by stabilization and protection of the separated single strands of the DNA. This crucial task is performed by single-strand DNA-binding (SSB) proteins. They bind to the DNA in a sequence-independent manner, which means that the nitrogenous bases of the DNA need not be present in a specific order for binding of SSB proteins to it. The binding of SSB proteins straightens single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) and makes...
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The DNA Replication Fork01:02

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An organism’s genome needs to be duplicated in an efficient and error-free manner for its growth and survival. The replication fork is a Y-shaped active region where two strands of DNA are separated and replicated continuously. The coupling of DNA unzipping and complementary strand synthesis is a characteristic feature of a replication fork.   Organisms with small circular DNA, such as E. coli, often have a single origin of replication; therefore, they have only two replication...
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DNA Topoisomerases

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Topoisomerases are enzymes that relax overwound DNA molecules during various cell processes, including DNA replication and transcription. These enzymes regulate positive and negative DNA supercoiling without changing the nucleotide sequence. DNA overwinding in a clockwise direction results in positively supercoiled DNA, whereas underwinding in a counterclockwise direction produces negatively supercoiled DNA.
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Restarting Stalled Replication Forks02:37

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DNA replication is initiated at sites containing predefined DNA sequences known as origins of replication. DNA is unwound at these sites by the minichromosome maintenance (MCM) helicase and other factors such as Cdc45 and the associated GINS complex.The unwound single strands are protected by replication protein A (RPA) until DNA polymerase starts synthesizing DNA at the 5’ end of the strand in the same direction as the replication fork. To prevent the replication fork from falling apart,...
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DNA Helicases00:55

DNA Helicases

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DNA unwinding helicase enzymes are a type of motor protein. Motor proteins can translocate along filaments or polymers using energy generated from ATP hydrolysis. Helicases are involved in all the important cellular processes where DNA unwinding is required, such as DNA replication, repair, recombination, and transcription. They are present in all living organisms, but vary in their structure, function, and mechanism of action. For example, in prokaryotes, DnaB helicase binds and translocates...
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Lagging Strand Synthesis01:59

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During replication, the complementary strands in double-stranded DNA are synthesized at different rates. Replication first begins on the leading strand. Replication starts later, occurs more slowly, and proceeds discontinuously on the lagging strand.
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DNA Unwinding Driven by Gold Nanoparticles.

Liat Katrivas1, Galina M Proshkina2, Sergey M Deyev2

  • 1The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, University Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel.

Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland)
|December 24, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) can unwind double-stranded DNA (dsDNA), with exposed nucleobases adsorbing onto the AuNP surface. This interaction leads to DNA-AuNP hybrid nanostructures for various applications.

Keywords:
AFMDNA nanostructuresDNA unwindinggold nanoparticles

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Area of Science:

  • Nanotechnology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are widely studied for their unique optical and electronic properties.
  • DNA nanotechnology leverages DNA's self-assembly properties for creating novel nanostructures.
  • Understanding nanoparticle-DNA interactions is crucial for developing advanced nanomaterials.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the capability of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) to unwind double-stranded DNA (dsDNA).
  • To characterize the mechanism and efficiency of DNA unwinding by AuNPs.
  • To explore potential applications of AuNP-mediated DNA unwinding.

Main Methods:

  • Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) to visualize DNA-nanoparticle structures.
  • Absorption spectroscopy to monitor changes during the unwinding process.
  • Controlled experiments varying nanoparticle size and temperature.

Main Results:

  • AuNPs initiate dsDNA unwinding by binding to single-stranded overhangs, forming dumbbell structures.
  • Nucleobase adsorption onto the AuNP surface drives the unwinding and coating process.
  • Unwinding efficiency is significantly influenced by AuNP size and temperature.

Conclusions:

  • AuNPs actively unwind dsDNA, driven by nucleobase-gold affinity.
  • This process enables the formation of DNA-AuNP hybrid nanostructures.
  • Findings support the rational design of nanoconjugates for nanoelectronics, biosensing, and self-assembly.